How to format your references using the Clinical Radiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Radiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Reedijk J. Chemistry. Dioxygen surprises. Science 2005;308(5730):1876–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Alonso D, Pascual M. Comment on “A keystone mutualism drives pattern in a power function.” Science 2006;313(5794):1739; author reply 1739.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shubin N, Tabin C, Carroll S. Deep homology and the origins of evolutionary novelty. Nature 2009;457(7231):818–23.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Masmanidis SC, Karabalin RB, De Vlaminck I, Borghs G, Freeman MR, Roukes ML. Multifunctional nanomechanical systems via tunably coupled piezoelectric actuation. Science 2007;317(5839):780–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Peterson RL, Murtha FF. MarketPsych. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Giovannini M, Maffeis C, Molinari E, Scaglioni S, editors. Salute & equilibrio nutrizionale. Milano: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Almejalli K, Dahal K, Hossain MA. Real Time Identification of Road Traffic Control Measures. In: Fink A, Rothlauf F, eds. Advances in Computational Intelligence in Transport, Logistics, and Supply Chain Management. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008;63–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Radiology.

Blog post

Fang J. Mastodons Disappeared from the Arctic 50 Millennia Earlier Than We Thought. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/mastodons-disappeared-arctic-50-millennia-earlier-we-thought/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Space Station: Cost to Operate After Assembly is Uncertain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Negussie H. Integration of indigenous knowledge and cultural practices in early childhood care and education programs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: An exploratory case study. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dorman JL. Damien Chazelle on Los Angeles and Its Charms. New York Times 2017:TR2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Radiology
Abbreviation	Clin. Radiol.
ISSN (print)	0009-9260
ISSN (online)	1365-229X
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging