How to format your references using the Clinical Otolaryngology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Otolaryngology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heldmaier G. (2011) Physiology. Life on low flame in hibernation. Science 331, 866–867.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rawlins D. & Pickering K. (2001) Ancient chronology. Astronomical orientation of the pyramids. Nature 412, 699–700.

A journal article with 3 authors

Collins F.S., Morgan M. & Patrinos A. (2003) The Human Genome Project: lessons from large-scale biology. Science 300, 286–290.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Foukal P., Fröhlich C., Spruit H., et al. (2006) Variations in solar luminosity and their effect on the Earth’s climate. Nature 443, 161–166.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dixon B. & Uddameri V. (2015) GIS and Geocomputation for Water Resource Science and Engineering John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Halliwell B.B. & Poulsen H.E. (eds.) (2006) Cigarette Smoke and Oxidative Stress Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Fredriksen H.H. (2016) EEA Main Agreement and Secondary EU Law Incorporated into the Annexes and Protocols. In The Handbook of EEA Law (Baudenbacher C., ed.), pp. 95–110. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Otolaryngology.

Blog post

Evans K. (2017) Whale That Had To Be Euthanized Found With 30 Plastic Bags In Its Stomach. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) Federal Research: Information on the Advanced Technology Program’s 1997 Award Selection U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Leal L.S. (2016) Pair correlations in clean magnetic Josephson junctions. .

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hardy M. (2017) In Houston, Juneteenth Site Rises From the Ruins. New York Times, A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Otolaryngology
Abbreviation	Clin. Otolaryngol.
ISSN (print)	1749-4478
ISSN (online)	1749-4486
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology