How to format your references using the Journal of Primary Health Care citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Primary Health Care. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Keller EF. A clash of two cultures. Nature. 2007 Feb 8;445(7128):603.

A journal article with 2 authors

Beninger RJ, Quinsey VL. Animal behaviour: chimpanzee choice and prosociality. Nature. 2006 Apr 6;440(7085):E6; discussion E6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dillingham MS, Spies M, Kowalczykowski SC. RecBCD enzyme is a bipolar DNA helicase. Nature. 2003 Jun 19;423(6942):893–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kosaka T, Miyajima A, Nagata H, Maeda T, Kikuchi E, Oya M. Human castration resistant prostate cancer rather prefer to decreased 5α-reductase activity. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1268.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bonneau D, Fatu A, Souchet D. Thermo-Hydrodynamic Lubrication in Hydrodynamic Bearings. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Losurdo M, Hingerl K, editors. Ellipsometry at the Nanoscale. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. XXIV, 730 p. 423 illus., 106 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Connor SJ, Mantilla GC. Integration of Seasonal Forecasts into Early Warning Systems for Climate-Sensitive Diseases such as Malaria and Dengue. In: Thomson MC, Garcia-Herrera R, Beniston M, editors. Seasonal Forecasts, Climatic Change and Human Health: Health and Climate. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008. p. 71–84.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Primary Health Care.

Blog post

Andrew E. ‘Ambulance Drone’ Could Drastically Increase Heart Attack Survival [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/ambulance-drone-could-drastically-increase-heart-attack-survival/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FAA Information Technology: Complete Cost Data Not Provided to OMB. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Jan. Report No.: IMTEC-91-22.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Skutt S. Midlife Metamorphosis: Archetypal Imaginal Psychology in Midlife Rite of Passage [Doctoral dissertation]. [Carpinteria, CA]: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Anything Can Happen In a San Francisco Series. New York Times. 2010 Oct 26;B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Primary Health Care
Abbreviation	J. Prim. Health Care
ISSN (print)	1172-6164
ISSN (online)	1172-6156
Scope	General Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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