How to format your references using the Journal of Primary Health Care citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Primary Health Care. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Verma IM. Medicine. Gene therapy that works. Science. 2013 Aug 23;341(6148):853–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Clark AG, Messer PW. Evolutionary genomics. Conundrum of jumbled mosquito genomes. Science. 2015 Jan 2;347(6217):27–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Delsuc F, Phillips MJ, Penny D. Comment on “Hexapod origins: monophyletic or paraphyletic?” Science. 2003 Sep 12;301(5639):1482; author reply 1482.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Diaz J, Ingall E, Benitez-Nelson C, Paterson D, de Jonge MD, McNulty I, et al. Marine polyphosphate: a key player in geologic phosphorus sequestration. Science. 2008 May 2;320(5876):652–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gleeson K. The Personal Efficiency Program. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2008.

An edited book

Grötschel M, Lucas K, Mehrmann V, editors. Production Factor Mathematics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. XIV, 402 p. 190 illus.

A chapter in an edited book

Church JM. Norms, Rules and Sustainable Planning: Who Said What About Norms. In: Mancebo F, Sachs I, editors. Transitions to Sustainability. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2015. p. 55–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Primary Health Care.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. New Horizons Suffers Glitch Just Ten Days Before its Arrival at Pluto [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-horizons-suffers-anomaly-just-ten-days-its-arrival-pluto/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Challenge: Estimated Costs, Planned Uses of Emergency Funding, and Future Implications. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Jun. Report No.: T-AIMD-99-214.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gonzaga Reed RR. The Impact of a Community-Based College Access Program at a Midwestern Institution [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Marchese J. ‘I Just Love What I’m Doing.’ New York Times. 2016 Dec 14;AR20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Primary Health Care
Abbreviation	J. Prim. Health Care
ISSN (print)	1172-6164
ISSN (online)	1172-6156
Scope	General Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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