How to format your references using the Clinical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Clarke T. Sustainable development: now we’re talking. Nature 2002;420:733–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Sun Z-W, Allis CD. Ubiquitination of histone H2B regulates H3 methylation and gene silencing in yeast. Nature 2002;418:104–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Uyanik M, Hayashi H, Ishihara K. High-turnover hypoiodite catalysis for asymmetric synthesis of tocopherols. Science 2014;345:291–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Glur L, Wirth SB, Büntgen U, Gilli A, Haug GH, Schär C, et al. Frequent floods in the European Alps coincide with cooler periods of the past 2500 years. Sci Rep 2013;3:2770.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Minenna M. The Incomplete Currency: The Future of the Euro and Solutions for the Eurozone. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Li S, Saddik AE, Wang M, Mei T, Sebe N, Yan S, et al., editors. Advances in Multimedia Modeling: 19th International Conference, MMM 2013, Huangshan, China, January 7-9, 2013, Proceedings, Part II. vol. 7733. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Zadeh AH, Sharda R. Hawkes Point Processes for Social Media Analytics. In: Iyer LS, Power DJ, editors. Reshaping Society through Analytics, Collaboration, and Decision Support: Role of Business Intelligence and Social Media, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 51–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Oncology.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. Svalbard Will Soon Have Another “Doomsday Vault” For Storing Precious Literature. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/svalbard-will-soon-have-another-doomsday-vault-for-storing-precious-literature/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. DOE Compliance With Brooks Act. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Pathak A. The Role of the Protein Phosphatase 1 Inhibitor-1 In Regulation of Murine Cardiac Physiology and Progression of Cardiomyopathy. Doctoral dissertation. University of Cincinnati, 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Apology Demanded For Latvian Insult. New York Times 2004:A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Oncology
Abbreviation	Clin. Oncol. (R Coll. Radiol.)
ISSN (print)	0936-6555
Scope	Oncology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging