How to format your references using the Clinical Nutrition citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Nutrition. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Park RW. Anthropology. Stories of Arctic colonization. Science 2014;345:1004–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Maniatis T, Tasic B. Alternative pre-mRNA splicing and proteome expansion in metazoans. Nature 2002;418:236–43.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Kartal B, Kuenen JG, van Loosdrecht MCM. Engineering. Sewage treatment with anammox. Science 2010;328:702–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Okamoto H, Eguchi R, Hamao S, Goto H, Gotoh K, Sakai Y, et al. An extended phenacene-type molecule, [8]phenacene: synthesis and transistor application. Sci Rep 2014;4:5330.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Nemethy L. Business Exit Planning. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Rougier B, Lacroix S, editors. Egypt’s Revolutions: Politics, Religion, and Social Movements. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Chaganti LK, Singh N, Bose K. Cathepsins and HtrAs – Multitasking Proteases in Programmed Cell Death. In: Bose K, editor. Proteases in Apoptosis: Pathways, Protocols and Translational Advances, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 95–141.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Nutrition.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Scientists Shed A Little Bit Of Light On Elusive True’s Beaked Whales. IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-shed-a-little-bit-of-light-on-elusive-trues-beaked-whales/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. LOCAL Television Act: Status of Spending for Fiscal Year 2005. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Norton S. The effects of leadership-efficacy and personality on reactions to stress. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Shpigel B. Bowles Shakes Off Illness To Coach in Blowout Loss. New York Times 2016:SP3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Nutrition
Abbreviation	Clin. Nutr.
ISSN (print)	0261-5614
Scope	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Nutrition and Dietetics

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