How to format your references using the Clinical Nutrition citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Nutrition. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Smaglik P. A team effort. Nature 2003;424:471.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Huneycutt AJ, Saykally RJ. Chemistry. Building solutions--one molecule at a time. Science 2003;299:1329–30.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Arnarez C, Marrink SJ, Periole X. Identification of cardiolipin binding sites on cytochrome c oxidase at the entrance of proton channels. Sci Rep 2013;3:1263.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Ren Z-Y, Ingle S, Takahashi E, Hirano N, Hirata T. The chemical structure of the Hawaiian mantle plume. Nature 2005;436:837–40.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Cox C. An Introduction to LTE. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Michel RP, Berry GJ, editors. Pathology of Transplantation: A Practical Diagnostic Approach. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Rosner M, Fabian ID. Squamous Cell Carcinoma. In: Pe’er J, Singh AD, editors. Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology: Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014, p. 43–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Nutrition.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. New Trilobite Species Explains Longstanding Footprint Mystery. IFLScience 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Basis for Approval of Federal Impact Aid Funds for Adelanto School District, California. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1974.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Yanez AM. Chicano and Black radical activism of the 1960s: A comparison between the Brown Berets and the Black Panther Party in California. Doctoral dissertation. University of California San Diego, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Sisario B. Frank Ocean Takes Unusual Journey to No. 1. New York Times 2016:C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Nutrition
Abbreviation	Clin. Nutr.
ISSN (print)	0261-5614
Scope	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Nutrition and Dietetics