How to format your references using the Clinical Nutrition citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Nutrition. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Severinghaus JP. Atmospheric science. Monsoons and meltdowns. Science 2009;326:240–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Field J, Brace S. Pre-social benefits of extended parental care. Nature 2004;428:650–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Smith DK, Cann JR, Escartín J. Widespread active detachment faulting and core complex formation near 13 degrees N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Nature 2006;442:440–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Laprise P, Lau KM, Harris KP, Silva-Gagliardi NF, Paul SM, Beronja S, et al. Yurt, Coracle, Neurexin IV and the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase form a novel group of epithelial polarity proteins. Nature 2009;459:1141–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Thompson D, Hogan JD, Clark PM. Developmental Psychology in Historical Perspective. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Weyns D, Gleizes M-P, editors. Agent-Oriented Software Engineering XI: 11th International Workshop, AOSE 2010, Toronto, Canada, May 10-11, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. vol. 6788. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Kidd TH, Vural M, Ravichandran G. Transverse Response of Unidirectional Composites Under a Wide Range of Confinements and Strain Rates. In: Shukla A, Ravichandran G, Rajapakse YDS, editors. Dynamic Failure of Materials and Structures, Boston, MA: Springer US; 2010, p. 131–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Nutrition.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Harvester Ant Queens are Sperm Parasites. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/harvester-ant-queens-are-sperm-parasites/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Pell Grant Costs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Johnson DM. Prison nursery programs: Measuring society’s perceptions and support. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kelly M. Hillary Clinton Visits Capitol In Vivid Display of Her Clout. New York Times 1993:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Nutrition
Abbreviation	Clin. Nutr.
ISSN (print)	0261-5614
Scope	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Nutrition and Dietetics