How to format your references using the Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

B.H. Pate, Chemistry. Taking the pulse of molecular rotational spectroscopy, Science. 333 (2011) 947–948.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S.K. Ernest, J.H. Brown, Delayed compensation for missing keystone species by colonization, Science. 292 (2001) 101–104.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A. Senghas, S. Kita, A. Ozyürek, Children creating core properties of language: evidence from an emerging sign language in Nicaragua, Science. 305 (2004) 1779–1782.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

C.T. Lee, Q. Yin, R.L. Rudnick, S.B. Jacobsen, Preservation of ancient and fertile lithospheric mantle beneath the southwestern United States, Nature. 411 (2001) 69–73.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

R.A. Schwartz, M.G. Carew, T. Maksimenko, Micro Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

J. Roose, H. Dietz, eds., Social Theory and Social Movements: Mutual Inspirations, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

E.F. Lampeter, Strategic Positioning in Biotech: Where Innovation Can Save Lives, in: E.E. Matthaei (Ed.), Strategies for Innovators: HHL Open School Case Book, Gabler, Wiesbaden, 2009: pp. 47–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, This Tree Can Grow Over 40 Different Kinds Of Fruit, IFLScience. (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/mysterious-tree-can-grow-over-40-different-kinds-fruit/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, NASA: Actions Needed to Improve Transparency and Assess Long-Term Affordability of Human Exploration Programs, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

K.M. Mann, Evaluation of Transfer Technologies to Preserve Shoulder Function in SCI, Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Barron, In the Age of Reality TV, a Best-Selling Author Calls In Real-Life Heroes, New York Times. (2017) A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
Abbreviation	Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg.
ISSN (print)	0303-8467
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Surgery