How to format your references using the Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

G. Farmelo, Dirac’s hidden geometry, Nature 437 (2005) 323.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

N. Ambraseys, R. Bilham, Corruption kills, Nature 469 (2011) 153–155.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

F. Donato, S.B. Rompani, P. Caroni, Parvalbumin-expressing basket-cell network plasticity induced by experience regulates adult learning, Nature 504 (2013) 272–276.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

S. Liu, E.A. Abbondanzieri, J.W. Rausch, S.F.J. Le Grice, X. Zhuang, Slide into action: dynamic shuttling of HIV reverse transcriptase on nucleic acid substrates, Science 322 (2008) 1092–1097.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

F.H. Prager, H. Rosteck, Polyurethane and Fire, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG, 2006.

An edited book

[1]

G. Servillo, P. Pelosi, eds., Percutaneous Tracheostomy in Critically Ill Patients, 1st ed. 2016, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

L. Sumpter, Preschool Teachers’ Conceptions about Mathematics, in: C. Bernack-Schüler, R. Erens, T. Leuders, A. Eichler (Eds.), Views and Beliefs in Mathematics Education: Results of the 19th MAVI Conference, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, 2015: pp. 55–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Revealed: The Great Geologist Behind The Origin Of Species, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/revealed-great-geologist-behind-origin-species/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Increased Compliance Needed With Nursing Home Health and Sanitary Standards, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1975.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

B.H. Kane, A Qualitative Exploratory Inquiry of Communicating in a Multigenerational Traditional-Rational Organization, Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Marx, A Nascar Driver Finds His ‘Shooting Star,’ New York Times (2017) ST9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
Abbreviation	Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg.
ISSN (print)	0303-8467
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Surgery