How to format your references using the Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine (CJSM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wilson RK. Retrospective. Elinor Ostrom (1933-2012). Science. 2012;337:661.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fu Y-X, Storb U. Immunology. Autoreactive B cells migrate into T cell territory. Science. 2002;297:2006–2008.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sekiguchi A, Kinjo R, Ichinohe M. A stable compound containing a silicon-silicon triple bond. Science. 2004;305:1755–1757.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zagotta WN, Olivier NB, Black KD, et al. Structural basis for modulation and agonist specificity of HCN pacemaker channels. Nature. 2003;425:200–205.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hu W. Fundamental Spacecraft Dynamics and Control. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Mahmood Z, Hill R, editors. Cloud Computing for Enterprise Architectures. London: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Moghaddam B, Pehrson AL. Disinhibition of Prefrontal Cortex Neurons in Schizophrenia. In: Gattaz Wagner F., Busatto Geraldo, eds. Advances in Schizophrenia Research 2009: New York, NY: Springer; 2010: 99–111.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine.

Blog post

Hale T. Beaches In Tasmania Are Glowing A Bright Electric Blue. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/beaches-in-tasmania-are-glowing-a-bright-electric-blue/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Small Business Innovation Research: Information on Awards Made by NIH and DoD in Fiscal Years 2001 through 2004. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Reynolds PE. Learning the Ropes: A Grounded Theory Study of Children Crossing Cultures. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Leg Injury May End Season for Cespedes. New York Times. 2017:D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
Abbreviation	Clin. J. Sport Med.
ISSN (print)	1050-642X
ISSN (online)	1536-3724
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation

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