How to format your references using the Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Butler D. Report backs military axis on space. Nature. 2003;421:301.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Rutherford AW, Boussac A. Biochemistry. Water photolysis in biology. Science. 2004;303:1782–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Huang L, Treisman A, Pashler H. Characterizing the limits of human visual awareness. Science. 2007;317:823–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Jen Y-J, Lakhtakia A, Lin M-J, Wang W-H, Wu H-M, Liao H-S. Metal/dielectric/metal sandwich film for broadband reflection reduction. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1672.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Cox I, Gaudard MA, Stephens ML. Visual Six Sigma, Second Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. Ahmad SI, editor. Diseases of DNA Repair. New York, NY: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Jansen C, Noll T. Generating Abstract Graph-Based Procedure Summaries for Pointer Programs. In: Giese H, König B, editors. Graph Transformation: 7th International Conference, ICGT 2014, Held as Part of STAF 2014, York, UK, July 22-24, 2014 Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 49–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Diverse Species Of World’s Largest Lake Threatened By Mongolian Dam And Pipeline [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/diverse-species-world-s-largest-lake-threatened-mongolian-dam-and-pipeline/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Drug and Alcohol Abuse: Billions Spent Annually for Treatment and Prevention Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996 Oct. Report No.: HEHS-97-12.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Albers C. One Academic Year Study of Experiences of One Cohort of Graduates from a Midwestern University’s Teacher Education Program [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Yee V, Schweber N. Fleeting Stability for a Woman Charged With Killing Her Son. New York Times. 2015 Apr 1;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Clin. J. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	1865-7257
ISSN (online)	1865-7265
Scope	General Medicine Gastroenterology