How to format your references using the Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Angerer P. Graduate journal: the lab environment. Nature. 2004;428:238.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Krabbenhoft DP, Sunderland EM. Environmental science. Global change and mercury. Science. 2013;341:1457–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Jiang H, Huang N, Zhu Y. Analysis of wind-blown sand movement over transverse dunes. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7114.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Krol MC, Lelieveld J, Oram DE, Sturrock GA, Penkett SA, Brenninkmeijer CAM, et al. Continuing emissions of methyl chloroform from Europe. Nature. 2003;421:131–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Rodda HJE, Little MA. Understanding Mathematical and Statistical Techniques in Hydrology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

1. Biehl PF. Heritage in the Context of Globalization: Europe and the Americas. Prescott C, editor. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Emblem KE, Bjornerud A. Glioma Grading Using Cerebral Blood Volume Heterogeneity. In: Hayat MA, editor. Tumors of the Central Nervous System, Volume 1: Gliomas: Glioblastoma (Part 1). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011. p. 31–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Why You Should Stop Using Antibacterial Soap [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/antibacterial-soap-no-better-cleaning-hands-regular-soap/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Protest Against NASA Contract for Janitorial Services. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1973 Jul. Report No.: B-178747.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Stephenson JH. Ethics and morality in software development: A developer’s perspective [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Leland J. Painting Brooklyn, Without a Brush. New York Times. 2016 Oct 7;MB8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Clin. J. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	1865-7257
ISSN (online)	1865-7265
Scope	General Medicine Gastroenterology