How to format your references using the Clinical Imaging citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Imaging. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Miller SJ. Chemistry. Total chemical synthesis peers into the biosynthetic black box. Science 2009;324:186–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Glass K, Girvan M. Annotation enrichment analysis: an alternative method for evaluating the functional properties of gene sets. Sci Rep 2014;4:4191.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Blüher M, Kahn BB, Kahn CR. Extended longevity in mice lacking the insulin receptor in adipose tissue. Science 2003;299:572–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Deng W, Zhang X, Pan H, Shang Q, Wang J, Zhang X, et al. A high-yield two-step transfer printing method for large-scale fabrication of organic single-crystal devices on arbitrary substrates. Sci Rep 2014;4:5358.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Bajorski P. Statistics for Imaging, Optics, and Photonics: Bajorski/Statistics for Imaging. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Pagel JF, Pandi-Perumal SR, editors. Primary Care Sleep Medicine: A Practical Guide. 2nd ed. 2014. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Kliučininkas L, Račys V, Radžiūnienė I, Jankūnaitė D. Collective Versus Household Iron Removal from Groundwater at Villages in Lithuania. In: Leal Filho W, Sümer V, editors. Sustainable Water Use and Management: Examples of New Approaches and Perspectives, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 91–102.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Imaging.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. How To Make The Perfect Grilled Cheese Sandwich With Science. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/chemistry-perfect-grilled-cheese-sandwich/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Job Access and Reverse Commute Program: Progress Made in Using Funds and Stakeholder Views on Proposed Program Changes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Grigoryan A. Feedback 2.0 in online writing instruction: Combining audio-visual and text-based commentary to enhance student revision and writing competency. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. Watching Argentina Up Close, Hoping to Learn Something. New York Times 2011:D8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Imaging
Abbreviation	Clin. Imaging
ISSN (print)	0899-7071
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging