How to format your references using the Clinical Imaging citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Imaging. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

McGraw R. Humidity, ice, and nitric acid. Science 2004;304:961–3; author reply 961-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Ghazanfar AA, Logothetis NK. Neuroperception: facial expressions linked to monkey calls. Nature 2003;423:937–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Legramandi MA, Schepens B, Cavagna GA. Running humans attain optimal elastic bounce in their teens. Sci Rep 2013;3:1310.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Mannella N, Yang WL, Zhou XJ, Zheng H, Mitchell JF, Zaanen J, et al. Nodal quasiparticle in pseudogapped colossal magnetoresistive manganites. Nature 2005;438:474–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Conklin AR Jr. Introduction to Soil Chemistry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Grady M. The Shawshank Experience: Tracking the History of the World’s Favorite Movie. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Rosen A, Itenberg S, Friedman A. Histamine-Mediated Emergencies. In: Buka B, Uliasz A, Krishnamurthy K, editors. Buka’s Emergencies in Dermatology, New York, NY: Springer; 2013, p. 57–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Imaging.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. Shape Of A Woman’s Vagina Can Seriously Impact Her Sex Life, According To A New Study. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/shape-woman-s-vagina-effects-ability-orgasm-study-says/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Intercity Passenger Rail: Financial Performance of Amtrak’s Routes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Watson WA. Middle school students’ experiences on a science museum field trip as Preparation for Future Learning. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Crow K. Neighbors Say an S.R.O. Is O.K., Just Make It Better. New York Times 2001:145.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Imaging
Abbreviation	Clin. Imaging
ISSN (print)	0899-7071
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging