How to format your references using the Clinical Imaging citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Imaging. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Ziemelis K. Hydrocarbon reservoirs. Nature 2003;426:317.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Keesing F, Ostfeld RS. Ecology. Is biodiversity good for your health? Science 2015;349:235–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Lutz W, Cuaresma JC, Sanderson W. Economics. The demography of educational attainment and economic growth. Science 2008;319:1047–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Endre G, Kereszt A, Kevei Z, Mihacea S, Kaló P, Kiss GB. A receptor kinase gene regulating symbiotic nodule development. Nature 2002;417:962–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Davey KJ. Building Winning Algorithmic Trading Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Chao K-M. Sequence Comparison: Theory and Methods. vol. 7. London: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Zeira A. Testing Practice Wisdom in Child Welfare. In: Kamerman SB, Phipps S, Ben-Arieh A, editors. From Child Welfare to Child Well-Being: An International Perspective on Knowledge in the Service of Policy Making, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010, p. 49–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Imaging.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Time Lapse Shows Stunning Skies in America’s Heartland. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/space/time-lapse-shows-stunning-skies-america’s-heartland/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Highway Trust Fund: Condition and Outlook for the Highway Account. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Carter CA. The Panhellenic Project: Assessing learning engagement using Web 2.0 technologies. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. Justices Raise Doubts on Campaign Finance Law. New York Times 2007:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Imaging
Abbreviation	Clin. Imaging
ISSN (print)	0899-7071
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging