How to format your references using the Clinical Dysmorphology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Dysmorphology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gewin V (2003). In search of the élite. Nature 426:713–717.

A journal article with 2 authors

Blackburn EH, Epel ES (2012). Telomeres and adversity: Too toxic to ignore. Nature 490:169–171.

A journal article with 3 authors

Knigge C, Coe MJ, Podsiadlowski P (2011). Two populations of X-ray pulsars produced by two types of supernova. Nature 479:372–375.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sorefan K, Girin T, Liljegren SJ, et al. (2009). A regulated auxin minimum is required for seed dispersal in Arabidopsis. Nature 459:583–586.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bagrintseva KI (2015). Carbonate Reservoir Rocks. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Imani J (2009). Plant Cell and Tissue Culture - A Tool in Biotechnology: Basics and Application (Kumar A, Neumann K-H (editors)). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Carroll JE (2016). The Environment is a Moral and Spiritual Issue. In: Spirituality and Sustainability: New Horizons and Exemplary Approaches. Dhiman S, Marques J (editors). Cham: Springer International Publishing; pp.49–71

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Dysmorphology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014). Researchers Develop Mini Rockets To Combat Chemical And Biological Weapons. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1993). Telecommunications: Cellular Service Competition. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Webb CT (2009). “The mirroring that binds into freedom”: Stevens, Jeffers, Heidegger and the inhuman. Doctoral dissertation California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hartman S (2015). Love, Redeployed. New York Times MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gewin, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Gewin, 2003; Blackburn and Epel, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Blackburn and Epel, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Sorefan et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Dysmorphology
Abbreviation	Clin. Dysmorphol.
ISSN (print)	0962-8827
ISSN (online)	1473-5717
Scope	General Medicine Anatomy Genetics(clinical) Pathology and Forensic Medicine Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health