How to format your references using the Clinical Dysmorphology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Dysmorphology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schiermeier Q (2005). Pity poor postdocs. Nature 434:540–541.

A journal article with 2 authors

Atkins JF, Gesteland R (2002). Biochemistry. The 22nd amino acid. Science 296:1409–1410.

A journal article with 3 authors

Naylor RL, Williams SL, Strong DR (2001). Ecology. Aquaculture--a gateway for exotic species. Science 294:1655–1656.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Karp EM, Eaton TR, Sànchez I Nogué V, et al. (2017). Renewable acrylonitrile production. Science 358:1307–1310.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bleistein S (2017). Rapid Organizational Change. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Axelsson S (2006). Understanding Intrusion Detection Through Visualization (Sands D (editor)). Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Dong Z (2012). Enabling Users to Self-manage Networks: Collaborative Anomaly Detection in Wireless Personal Area Networks. In: Financial Cryptography and Data Security: FC 2012 Workshops, USEC and WECSR 2012, Kralendijk, Bonaire, March 2, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Blyth J, Dietrich S, Camp LJ (editors). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; pp.53–67

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Dysmorphology.

Blog post

Davis J (2015). The EPA Might Have Been Underestimating The Amount Of Methane Emitted By The U.S. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1971). Relationship of Contractor and Grantee ADP Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Berkowitz AE (2015). Finding a Place for ‘Cacega Ayuwipi’ within the Structure of American Indian Music and Dance Traditions. Doctoral dissertation Florida Atlantic University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K (2008). A Produce Auction With an Eye to Survival. New York Times NJ9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schiermeier, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Atkins and Gesteland, 2002; Schiermeier, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Atkins and Gesteland, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Karp et al., 2017)

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Dysmorphology
Abbreviation	Clin. Dysmorphol.
ISSN (print)	0962-8827
ISSN (online)	1473-5717
Scope	General Medicine Anatomy Genetics(clinical) Pathology and Forensic Medicine Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health