How to format your references using the Clinical Dysmorphology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Dysmorphology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kahan D (2010). Fixing the communications failure. Nature 463:296–297.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ghose GM, Maunsell JHR (2002). Attentional modulation in visual cortex depends on task timing. Nature 419:616–620.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kolodner RD, Putnam CD, Myung K (2002). Maintenance of genome stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science 297:552–557.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wu Z, Sun X, Sullivan SG, Detels R (2006). Public health. HIV testing in China. Science 312:1475–1476.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lev B, Gu F (2016). The End of Accounting and the Path Forward for Investors and Managers. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Alvarez-Gaumé L, Mangano M, Tsesmelis E (editors) (2012). From the PS to the LHC - 50 Years of Nobel Memories in High-Energy Physics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Wang G, Baek J, Wong DS, Bao F (2007). On the Generic and Efficient Constructions of Secure Designated Confirmer Signatures. In: Public Key Cryptography – PKC 2007: 10th International Conference on Practice and Theory in Public-Key Cryptography Beijing, China, April 16-20, 2007. Proceedings. Okamoto T, Wang X (editors). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; pp.43–60

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Dysmorphology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015). Better Hurricane Observation Techniques Over The Decades Make Big Storms Less Deadly. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1970). Review of Training Grant Awarded to the University of California at Los Angeles. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Backfish M (2013). Electron Cloud in Steel Beam Pipe vs Titanium Nitride Coated and Amorphous Carbon Coated Beam Pipes in Fermilab’s Main Injector. Doctoral dissertation Indiana University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

La Gorce T (2012). Fire Up the Pit: My Brisket Can Burn Yours. New York Times NJ8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kahan, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Ghose and Maunsell, 2002; Kahan, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ghose and Maunsell, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Wu et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Dysmorphology
Abbreviation	Clin. Dysmorphol.
ISSN (print)	0962-8827
ISSN (online)	1473-5717
Scope	General Medicine Anatomy Genetics(clinical) Pathology and Forensic Medicine Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health