How to format your references using the Clinical Dysmorphology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Dysmorphology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Koshland DE Jr (2007). Philosophy of science. The Cha-Cha-Cha Theory of Scientific Discovery. Science 317:761–762.

A journal article with 2 authors

Franks NR, Richardson T (2006). Teaching in tandem-running ants. Nature 439:153.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mookherjee M, Stixrude L, Karki B (2008). Hydrous silicate melt at high pressure. Nature 452:983–986.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Choi HJ, Roundy D, Sun H, Cohen ML, Louie SG (2002). The origin of the anomalous superconducting properties of MgB(2). Nature 418:758–760.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hobkirk JA, Gill DS, Jones SP, et al. (2010). Hypodontia. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Conrad K (editor) (2016). Absolute Hospital Medicine Review: An Intensive Question & Answer Guide. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Mrozynski G, Stallein M (2013). Quasi Stationary Fields – Eddy Currents. In: Electromagnetic Field Theory: A Collection of Problems. Stallein M (editor). Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag; pp.126–193

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Dysmorphology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015). Crowdfunding Could Be A Simple Way To Pay For Science Research. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992). Aviation Safety: New Regulations for Deicing Aircraft Could Be Strengthened. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dandavate R (2006). Building Cultural Understanding Through Cultural Exchange. Doctoral dissertation Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart JB (2017). On Trump Tax Form, a Decade’s Worth of Questions. New York Times B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Koshland, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Franks and Richardson, 2006; Koshland, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Franks and Richardson, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Choi et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Dysmorphology
Abbreviation	Clin. Dysmorphol.
ISSN (print)	0962-8827
ISSN (online)	1473-5717
Scope	General Medicine Anatomy Genetics(clinical) Pathology and Forensic Medicine Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health