How to format your references using the Clinical Drug Investigation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Drug Investigation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Bloom P. Behavior. Can a dog learn a word? Science. 2004;304:1605–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Sanderson WC, Scherbov S. Average remaining lifetimes can increase as human populations age. Nature. 2005;435:811–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Sharp DJ, Rogers GC, Scholey JM. Microtubule motors in mitosis. Nature. 2000;407:41–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Marchitto TM, Lehman SJ, Ortiz JD, Flückiger J, van Geen A. Marine radiocarbon evidence for the mechanism of deglacial atmospheric CO2 rise. Science. 2007;316:1456–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Ravindran K. The Mathematics of Financial Models. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

1. Günter Dosch H. Quantum Field Theory in a Semiotic Perspective. Müller VF, Sieroka N, editors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Yamamoto T, Watanabe K, Hernández ER. Mechanical Properties, Thermal Stability and Heat Transport in Carbon Nanotubes. In: Jorio A, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus MS, editors. Carbon Nanotubes: Advanced Topics in the Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 165–95.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Drug Investigation.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. What The Heck Was This Smelly Pink Blob Floating In The Indian Ocean? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/heck-smelly-pink-blob-floating-indian-ocean/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Internet Infrastructure: Challenges in Developing a Public/Private Recovery Plan. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007 Oct. Report No.: GAO-08-212T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hilmey DG. Synthesis and Study of Heteroatomic Spirocyclic Scaffolds [Doctoral dissertation]. [Columbus, OH]: Ohio State University; 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kishkovsky S. Iran: Nuclear Discussion With Visiting Russian. New York Times. 2007 Oct 31;A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Drug Investigation
Abbreviation	Clin. Drug Investig.
ISSN (print)	1173-2563
ISSN (online)	1179-1918
Scope	General Medicine Pharmacology (medical)

Research and Writing Guides