How to format your references using the Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Church JA. Oceans. A change in circulation? Science. 2007;317:908–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Verheyden JM, Sun X. An Fgf/Gremlin inhibitory feedback loop triggers termination of limb bud outgrowth. Nature. 2008;454:638–41.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Sharma J, Angelucci A, Sur M. Induction of visual orientation modules in auditory cortex. Nature. 2000;404:841–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Yang G, Liu L, Lv F, Wang S. Conjugated polyelectrolyte materials for promoting progenitor cell growth without serum. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1702.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Marvin S. Dictionary of Scientific Principles. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

1. Neves MF. The orange juice business: A Brazilian perspective. Trombin VG, Lopes FF, Kalaki R, Milan P, editors. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Doak DF, Bakker VJ, Goldstein BE, Hale B. What Is the Future of Conservation? In: Wuerthner G, Crist E, Butler T, editors. Protecting the Wild: Parks and Wilderness, the Foundation for Conservation. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics; 2015. p. 27–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. The Next 209 Seconds Will Blow Your Mind [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/how-big-our-place-universe/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Northeast Rail Corridor: Information on Users, Funding Sources, and Expenditures. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996 Jun. Report No.: RCED-96-144.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Zakharov D. The discrete Dirac operator and the discrete generalized Weierstrass representation in pseudo-Euclidean spaces [Doctoral dissertation]. [New York, NY]: Columbia University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Van Witsendavid Montefioregina Paglia BLFGTCSJKCCARBOEJ. Letters TO THE EDITOR; The Arts and Mrs. Mondale Apple Annie Fashions Girth and Great Voices. New York Times. 1978 Apr 2;The New York Times MagazineSM28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology
Abbreviation	Clin. Diabetes Endocrinol.
ISSN (online)	2055-8260
Scope