How to format your references using the Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Taylor G. Astrophysics: A tight duo in a trio of black holes. Nature. 2014;511:35–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Anderson VJ, Lekkerkerker HNW. Insights into phase transition kinetics from colloid science. Nature. 2002;416:811–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Sambur JB, Novet T, Parkinson BA. Multiple exciton collection in a sensitized photovoltaic system. Science. 2010;330:63–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. McConnell JR, Arthern RJ, Mosley-Thompson E, Davis CH, Bales RC, Thomas R, et al. Changes in Greenland ice sheet elevation attributed primarily to snow accumulation variability. Nature. 2000;406:877–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Torres-Moreno J-M. Automatic Text Summarization. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

1. Branzei R. Models in Cooperative Game Theory. Second Edition. Dimitrov D, Tijs S, editors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Rosenblatt J, Calantone R. Using the Price/Quantity Model to Indicate Power in Marketing Channels. In: Bellur VV, editor. The 1980’s: A Decade of Marketing Challenges: Proceedings of the 1981 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 14–9.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Amazing New Find Brings Us Closer To Cloning A Woolly Mammoth [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-edge-closer-being-able-clone-woolly-mammoth/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Digital Television Transition: Broadcasters’ Transition Status, Low-Power Station Issues, and Information on Consumer Awareness of the DTV Transition. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008 Jun. Report No.: GAO-08-881T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Burns KN. Impact of Cognitive Tasks on Gait Parameters in Collegiate Athletes [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. St. John Kelly E. Almost Tudor Interior, but Ignoble Facade. New York Times. 1998 Apr 5;149.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology
Abbreviation	Clin. Diabetes Endocrinol.
ISSN (online)	2055-8260
Scope