How to format your references using the Clinical Chemistry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Chemistry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McNutt M. Climate change impacts. Science. 2013;341:435.

A journal article with 2 authors

Leitch AR, Leitch IJ. Genomic plasticity and the diversity of polyploid plants. Science. 2008;320:481–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wurmser AE, Palmer TD, Gage FH. Neuroscience. Cellular interactions in the stem cell niche. Science. 2004;304:1253–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Nakada S, Tai I, Panier S, Al-Hakim A, Iemura S-I, Juang Y-C, et al. Non-canonical inhibition of DNA damage-dependent ubiquitination by OTUB1. Nature. 2010;466:941–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Thie PR, Keough GE. An Introduction to Linear Programming and Game Theory. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2008.

An edited book

Potiron K. From Fault Classification to Fault Tolerance for Multi-Agent Systems. El Fallah Seghrouchni A, Taillibert P, editors. London: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

VanderZaag A, Amon B, Bittman S, Kuczyński T. Ammonia Abatement with Manure Storage and Processing Techniques. In: Reis S, Howard C, Sutton MA, editors. Costs of Ammonia Abatement and the Climate Co-Benefits. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2015. page 75–112.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Chemistry.

Blog post

Hale T. Scientists Discover 20 Shark Pups In The First Tiger Shark Sonogram Ever. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Intercity Passenger Rail: Congress Faces Critical Decisions in Developing a National Policy. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002 Apr. Report No.: GAO-02-522T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Winter JM. Investigating the biosynthesis of halogenated meroterpenoid natural products from marine actinomycetes [Doctoral dissertation]. [La Jolla, CA]: University of California San Diego; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shear MD. In Trump’s Silence, Pence Takes a Swipe at Russia. New York Times. 2017;A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Chemistry
Abbreviation	Clin. Chem.
ISSN (print)	0009-9147
ISSN (online)	1530-8561
Scope	Clinical Biochemistry Biochemistry, medical