How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Shaw R. Journal club. A cancer researcher ponders a fundamental connection between nutrients and gene expression. Nature 2009;462:829.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Cimpian A, Leslie S-J. WOMEN IN SCIENCE. Response to Comment on “Expectations of brilliance underlie gender distributions across academic disciplines.” Science 2015;349:391.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Bonneh YS, Cooperman A, Sagi D. Motion-induced blindness in normal observers. Nature 2001;411:798–801.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Sheppard SK, McCarthy ND, Falush D, Maiden MCJ. Convergence of Campylobacter species: implications for bacterial evolution. Science 2008;320:237–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Lipiansky E. Electrical, Electronics, and Digital Hardware Essentials for Scientists and Engineers. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Saitoh S. Theory of Reproducing Kernels and Applications. vol. 44. Singapore: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Oestreicher L. Teaching Human-Computer Interaction from Real World Examples — Furnishing Creativity? In: Kotzé P, Wong W, Jorge J, Dix A, Silva PA, editors. Creativity and HCI: From Experience to Design in Education, Boston, MA: Springer US; 2009, p. 60–77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology.

Blog post

[1]

O`Callaghan J. Soyuz Rocket Launches First Danish Astronaut To The ISS Where LEGO Spacemen Await. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Assessment of the Teacher Corps Program at the University of Southern California and Participating Schools in Tulare County Serving Rural-Migrant Children. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1971.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Carrier TH. Using Grunig’s Situational Theory for Analysis of Frames in Human Trafficking Awareness Organizations’ YouTube Videos. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Brantley B, Green J. Just How Great Was That ‘Comet’? New York Times 2017:AR16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Radiat. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	2405-6308
Scope