How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Wadman M. Copycat consolidation. Nature 2007;449:393.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Cifelli RL, Davis BM. Paleontology. Marsupial origins. Science 2003;302:1899–900.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Fabiańska J, Kassier G, Feurer T. Split ring resonator based THz-driven electron streak camera featuring femtosecond resolution. Sci Rep 2014;4:5645.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Xu S, Jiang Y, Xu H, Wang J, Lin S, Chen H, et al. Realization of deep subwavelength resolution with singular media. Sci Rep 2014;4:5212.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Estampe D. Supply Chain Performance and Evaluation Models. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Kunkel JM, Ludwig T, editors. High Performance Computing: 30th International Conference, ISC High Performance 2015, Frankfurt, Germany, July 12-16, 2015, Proceedings. vol. 9137. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Flesca S, Furche T, Oro L. Reasoning and Ontologies in Data Extraction. In: Eiter T, Krennwallner T, editors. Reasoning Web. Semantic Technologies for Advanced Query Answering: 8th International Summer School 2012, Vienna, Austria, September 3-8, 2012. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012, p. 184–210.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. View the Known Universe. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/view-known-universe/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Digital Television Transition: Preliminary Information on Progress of the DTV Transition. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ichiyama J. Early goal-directed therapy in adult septic patients. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kelly S. Beware of the Westminster Kennel’s Best in Show. New York Times 2003:42.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Radiat. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	2405-6308
Scope