How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Zhuang X. Molecular biology. Unraveling DNA condensation with optical tweezers. Science 2004;305:188–90.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Ignés-Mullol J, Schwartz DK. Shear-induced molecular precession in a hexatic Langmuir monolayer. Nature 2001;410:348–51.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Carrez P, Ferré D, Cordier P. Implications for plastic flow in the deep mantle from modelling dislocations in MgSiO3 minerals. Nature 2007;446:68–70.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Aoki W, Saito M, Manabe R-I, Mori H, Yamaguchi Y, Tamiya E. Integrating reductive and synthetic approaches in biology using man-made cell-like compartments. Sci Rep 2014;4:4722.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Burwick F. Romanticism. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

[1]

O’Grady G, Yew EHJ, Goh KPL, Schmidt HG, editors. One-Day, One-Problem: An Approach to Problem-based Learning. Singapore: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Eiholzer U, Lee PDK. Medical Considerations in Prader-Willi Syndrome. In: Butler MG, Lee PDK, Whitman BY, editors. Management of Prader-Willi Syndrome, New York, NY: Springer; 2006, p. 97–152.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. The Human Brain Has A “Super” Capacity To Recognise Faces — And Neuroscientists, Psychologists, And Police Are Just Starting To Figure Out Why. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/the-human-brain-has-a-super-capacity-to-recognise-faces-and-neuroscientists-psychologists-and-police-are-just-starting-to-figure-out-why/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Federal Communications Commission: Broadcast Services, Television Broadcast Stations, and TV Transmission Standards. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Holloway LR. Synthesis and investigation of novel dinitrosyl-Iron complexes of chelated Bis-phosphine ligands: Potential nitric oxide delivery compounds. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Antilla S. Decades After Suit, Wall St. Bias Persists for Women. New York Times 2016:B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Radiat. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	2405-6308
Scope