How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Bass J. Circadian topology of metabolism. Nature 2012;491:348–56.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Cheng G, Zheng S-Y. Construction of a high-performance magnetic enzyme nanosystem for rapid tryptic digestion. Sci Rep 2014;4:6947.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Vinther J, Van Roy P, Briggs DEG. Machaeridians are Palaeozoic armoured annelids. Nature 2008;451:185–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Rumyantsev V, Fedorov S, Gumennyk K, Sychanova M, Kavokin A. Exciton-like electromagnetic excitations in non-ideal microcavity supercrystals. Sci Rep 2014;4:6945.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Cox DA. Galois Theory. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2004.

An edited book

[1]

Shirali S. Multivariable Analysis. London: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Colin J-N, Tien HM. Securing a Loosely-Coupled Web-Based eLearning Ecosystem Combining Open Standards. In: Monfort V, Krempels K-H, editors. Web Information Systems and Technologies: 10th International Conference, WEBIST 2014, Barcelona, Spain, April 3-5, 2014, Revised Selected Papers, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 48–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Why Volcanoes Erupt. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. NASA: Sound Management and Oversight Key to Addressing Crew Exploration Vehicle Project Risks. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Norman CL. Perceptions of non-traditional programs within Missouri school districts. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Oestreich JR. Sibelius and His Slowly Imparted Secrets Revealed. New York Times 2017:C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Radiat. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	2405-6308
Scope