How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Hatten ME. New directions in neuronal migration. Science. 2002;297:1660–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Kidder SQ, Vonder Haar TH. Atmospheric science. Observing weather from space. Science. 2010;327:1085–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Shu Y, Hasenstaub A, McCormick DA. Turning on and off recurrent balanced cortical activity. Nature. 2003;423:288–93.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Fiaux J, Bertelsen EB, Horwich AL, Wüthrich K. NMR analysis of a 900K GroEL GroES complex. Nature. 2002;418:207–11.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kulkarni S, Harman G. An Elementary Introduction to Statistical Learning Theory: Kulkarni/Statistical Learning Theory. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Huang X, Xiang Y, Li K-C, editors. Green, Pervasive, and Cloud Computing: 11th International Conference, GPC 2016, Xi’an, China, May 6-8, 2016. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Tozier WA. GP As If You Meant It: An Exercise for Mindful Practice. In: Riolo R, Worzel WP, Kotanchek M, Kordon A, editors. Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XIII. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 59–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Oncology.

Blog post

1. Hale T. Mixing These Two Common Medications Could Be Life-Threatening [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/mixing-these-two-common-medications-could-be-lifethreatening/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Comments on H.R. 6228. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980 Apr. Report No.: 112145.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Wright MW. The Louisiana Teacher Assault Pay Statute: An Analysis of Court Decisions Interpreting the Statute and a Comparative Study of Teacher Assault Pay Statutes in Other States [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Shear MD. Democratic Coalition Plans Attacks on G.O.P. Over Health Care Law. New York Times. 2017 Sep 5;A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Oncology
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1699-048X
ISSN (online)	1699-3055
Scope	Cancer Research General Medicine Oncology