How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Grayson M. Malaria. Nature. 2012;484:S13.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Chiu C, Weliky M. Neuroscience. Synaptic modification by vision. Science. 2003;300:1890–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Li M, Butka E, Wang X. Comprehensive quantification of triacylglycerols in soybean seeds by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with multiple neutral loss scans. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6581.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Rösler C, Köck J, Malim MH, Blum HE, von Weizsäcker F. Comment on “Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by APOBEC3G.” Science. 2004;305:1403; author reply 1403.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Nguyen K, Guo X, Pan Y. Multiple Biological Sequence Alignment: Scoring Functions, Algorithms and Applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. Dimian M. Noise-Driven Phenomena in Hysteretic Systems. Andrei P, editor. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Yuasa S. Cardiac Arrhythmia Modelling Using iPS Cells. In: Fukuda K, editor. Human iPS Cells in Disease Modelling. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2016. p. 45–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Oncology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. World First: Woman Receives Tissue Graft Made From Induced Stem Cells [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/world-first-woman-receives-tissue-graft-made-induced-stem-cells/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Major Management Challenges and Program Risks: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Jan. Report No.: OCG-99-18.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Wirtz Y. Strain Variation between the Monterey and Sisquoc Formations, Southern Santa Maria Basin, California, USA: Implications for Structural Assessment of Fold and Thrust Belts [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW. Debt Plan Still Fragile for Puerto Rico Utility, Lawmakers Are Told. New York Times. 2016 Jan 13;B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Oncology
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1699-048X
ISSN (online)	1699-3055
Scope	Cancer Research General Medicine Oncology