How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Vogel V. Journal club. A bioengineer discusses how mechanical forces in tissues may promote malignancy. Nature. 2010;463:591.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Ahn NG, Resing KA. Cell biology. Lessons in rational drug design for protein kinases. Science. 2005;308:1266–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Tingley MW, Estes LD, Wilcove DS. Ecosystems: climate change must not blow conservation off course. Nature. 2013;500:271–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Kuroda A, Nomura K, Ohtomo R, Kato J, Ikeda T, Takiguchi N, et al. Role of inorganic polyphosphate in promoting ribosomal protein degradation by the Lon protease in E. coli. Science. 2001;293:705–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Sanchez A, Carro B. Digital Services in the 21st Century. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

1. Donnelly KJ, Wallengren A-K, editors. Today’s Sounds for Yesterday’s Films: Making Music for Silent Cinema. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Jüttner M. Part-Based Strategies for Visual Categorisation and Object Recognition. In: Osaka N, Rentschler I, Biederman I, editors. Object Recognition, Attention, and Action. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2007. p. 55–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Oncology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Watch A Rocket’s-Eye View Of Being Launched Into Space [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/watch-rockets-eye-view-being-launched-space/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Alternatives for Funding a GI Bill. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981 Sep. Report No.: FPCD-81-45.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Addington LM. Students’ Preferences for Information Sources during the Undergraduate College Search Process: The Influence of Technology [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. St. John Kelly E. One of Newest Take-at-Home Tests: I.Q. New York Times. 1997 Jan 22;B7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Oncology
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1699-048X
ISSN (online)	1699-3055
Scope	Cancer Research General Medicine Oncology