How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Imaging citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Imaging. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rosner G (2000) PARTICLE PHYSICS: Enhanced: How Strange Is the Proton? Science 290:2083–2084

A journal article with 2 authors

Buss JA, Agapie T (2016) Four-electron deoxygenative reductive coupling of carbon monoxide at a single metal site. Nature 529:72–75

A journal article with 3 authors

Meeusen S, McCaffery JM, Nunnari J (2004) Mitochondrial fusion intermediates revealed in vitro. Science 305:1747–1752

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Barker PA, Street-Perrott FA, Leng MJ, et al (2001) A 14,000-year oxygen isotope record from diatom silica in two alpine lakes on Mt. Kenya. Science 292:2307–2310

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yoder CH, Leber PA, Thomsen MW (2010) The Bridge to Organic Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Hall BL, Clover DE, Crowther J, Scandrett E (2012) Learnning and Educationfor a Bettter World: The Role of Social Movements. SensePublishers, Rotterdam

A chapter in an edited book

Tejchman J, Bobiński J (2013) Continuous and Discontinuous Modelling of Fracture in Plain Concrete under Monotonic Loading. In: Bobiński J (ed) Continuous and Discontinuous Modelling of Fracture in Concrete Using FEM. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 109–162

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Imaging.

Blog post

Luntz S (2014) Crows Understand Displacement Better Than Six Year Olds. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/crows-understand-displacement-better-six-year-olds/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) Student and Exchange Visitor Program: DHS Needs to Take Actions to Strengthen Monitoring of Schools. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Works RF (2016) Econometric modeling of exchange rate determinants by market classification: An empirical analysis of Japan and South Korea using the sticky-price monetary theory. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2017) Ball That Seems Innocuous Closes Door on a Mets Rally. New York Times B8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Imaging
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Imaging
ISSN (print)	2281-5872
ISSN (online)	2281-7565
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging