How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Imaging citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Imaging. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Subrahmanian VS (2007) Computer science. Cultural modeling in real time. Science 317:1509–1510

A journal article with 2 authors

Ratnieks FLW, Carreck NL (2010) Ecology. Clarity on honey bee collapse? Science 327:152–153

A journal article with 3 authors

Ward AB, Sali A, Wilson IA (2013) Biochemistry. Integrative structural biology. Science 339:913–915

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Diep CQ, Ma D, Deo RC, et al (2011) Identification of adult nephron progenitors capable of kidney regeneration in zebrafish. Nature 470:95–100

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dewe PJ, O’Driscoll MP, Cooper CL (2010) Coping with Work Stress. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Berkling K, Joseph M, Meyer B, Nordio M (2009) Software Engineering Approaches for Offshore and Outsourced Development: Second International Conference, SEAFOOD 2008, Zurich, Switzerland, July 2-3, 2008. Revised Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Wang Z, Dong J, Zhao B, Zhen J (2016) Exploration on the Application of Microlecture in Presentation-Assimilation-Discussion Class. In: Che W, Han Q, Wang H, et al (eds) Social Computing: Second International Conference of Young Computer Scientists, Engineers and Educators, ICYCSEE 2016, Harbin, China, August 20-22, 2016, Proceedings, Part II. Springer, Singapore, pp 32–35

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Imaging.

Blog post

Evans K (2017) Current Impact Of Climate Change On Threatened Species Hugely Underestimated. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988) Reports Issued in October 1988. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Luo P (2010) Evaluation of the flicker effect as a generative strategy in enhancing computer -based instruction (CBI) of visual recognition and classification. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K (2010) Charleston Chews And Sugar Babies: Fistfuls of Nostalgia. New York Times NJ11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Imaging
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Imaging
ISSN (print)	2281-5872
ISSN (online)	2281-7565
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging