How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Imaging citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Imaging. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain C (2009) World view: Experts and democracy. Nature 462:275

A journal article with 2 authors

Papasaikas P, Valcárcel J (2012) Evolution. Splicing in 4D. Science 338:1547–1548

A journal article with 3 authors

Lehmann S, Jackson AD, Lautrup BE (2006) Measures for measures. Nature 444:1003–1004

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Burgess SA, Walker ML, Sakakibara H, et al (2003) Dynein structure and power stroke. Nature 421:715–718

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Oyama T (2010) Post-Crisis Risk Management. John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd., 2 Clementi Loop, #02-01, Singapore 129809

An edited book

Duquesne T (2010) Lévy Matters I: Recent Progress in Theory and Applications: Foundations, Trees and Numerical Issues in Finance. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Dredge D (2015) Tourism and Governance. In: Moscardo G, Benckendorff P (eds) Education for Sustainability in Tourism: A Handbook of Processes, Resources, and Strategies. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 75–90

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Imaging.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2016) Millions Rely On Cheap Cloth Masks That May Provide Little Protection Against Deadly Air Pollution. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/millions-rely-on-cheap-cloth-masks-that-may-provide-little-protection-against-deadly-air-pollution/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2017) Health Information Technology: HHS Should Assess the Effectiveness of Its Efforts to Enhance Patient Access to and Use of Electronic Health Information. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bemmel EP (2008) A cost -effectiveness analysis of two community college baccalaureate programs in Florida: An exploratory study. Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B (2017) The Caged Beast Awakens. New York Times C1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Imaging
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Imaging
ISSN (print)	2281-5872
ISSN (online)	2281-7565
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging