How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Imaging citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Imaging. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Buffett B (2014) Geomagnetic fluctuations reveal stable stratification at the top of the Earth’s core. Nature 507:484–487

A journal article with 2 authors

Kaya M, Higuchi H (2010) Nonlinear elasticity and an 8-nm working stroke of single myosin molecules in myofilaments. Science 329:686–689

A journal article with 3 authors

Helle S, Lummaa V, Jokela J (2002) Sons reduced maternal longevity in preindustrial humans. Science 296:1085

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Vo LT, Kinney MA, Liu X, et al (2018) Regulation of embryonic haematopoietic multipotency by EZH1. Nature 553:506–510

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mascia L (2011) Polymers in Industry from A-Z. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Papanikolaou A, Soudris D, Radojcic R (2011) Three Dimensional System Integration: IC Stacking Process and Design. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Trebše R, Mihelič A (2012) Classification of Prosthetic Joint Infections. In: Trebše R (ed) Infected Total Joint Arthroplasty: The Algorithmic Approach. Springer, London, pp 31–34

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Imaging.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) New Alzheimer’s-Like Memory Disorder Identified. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/alzheimer-s-memory-disorder-identified/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2009) Applying Agreed-Upon Procedures: Fiscal Year 2009 Highway Trust Fund Excise Taxes. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ledgister NL (2015) A study of transformational leadership and job satisfaction among leaders in Jamaica Baptist Union churches. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2011) France Loses to the U.S., With Typical Elegance. New York Times B15

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Imaging
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Imaging
ISSN (print)	2281-5872
ISSN (online)	2281-7565
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging