How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Höfte H. Plant biology. A Baroque residue in red wine. Science. 2001;294(5543):795-797.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fernández A, Lynch M. Non-adaptive origins of interactome complexity. Nature. 2011;474(7352):502-505.

A journal article with 3 authors

Berger G, Graef F, Pfeffer H. Glyphosate applications on arable fields considerably coincide with migrating amphibians. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2622.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sun Y, Liu J, Sun T, et al. Anti-cancer small molecule JP-8g exhibits potent in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4372.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

AIChE technical manual. Dow’s Chemical Exposure Index Guide. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1998.

An edited book

Mathew J, Patra P, Pradhan DK, Kuttyamma AJ, eds. Eco-Friendly Computing and Communication Systems: International Conference, ICECCS 2012, Kochi, India, August 9-11, 2012. Proceedings. Vol 305. Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Koegel LK, Ashbaugh K, Koegel RL. Pivotal Response Treatment. In: Lang R, Hancock TB, Singh NN, eds. Early Intervention for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Evidence-Based Practices in Behavioral Health. Springer International Publishing; 2016:85-112.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Clues To Ancient Meteor Impacts Found. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NSF Review: Review Process for the National Science Foundation’s Science and Engineering Pipeline Study. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Caltrider CS. Critical Pedagogy Unit of Ceramics Instruction: Fostering Civic Engagement in California High School Students. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L, Kirkpatrick DD. Justices Loosen Ad Restrictions In Campaign Law. New York Times. June 26, 2007:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (online)	2155-384X
Scope	Gastroenterology