How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Heisenberg M. Is free will an illusion? Nature 2009; 459: 164–165.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Pallen MJ, Wren BW. Bacterial pathogenomics. Nature 2007; 449: 835–842.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Koh K, Zheng X, Sehgal A. JETLAG resets the Drosophila circadian clock by promoting light-induced degradation of TIMELESS. Science 2006; 312: 1809–1812.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Banerjee-Ghosh K, Ben Dor O, Tassinari F et al. Separation of enantiomers by their enantiospecific interaction with achiral magnetic substrates. Science 2018; 360: 1331–1334.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kimball R, Ross M. The Kimball Group Reader. Indianapolis, IN, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

1. Takamura S ed. Splitting Deformations of Degenerations of Complex Curves: Towards the Classification of Atoms of Degenerations, III. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Kaksonen M. Actin in Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis. In: Carlier M-F, ed. Actin-based Motility: Cellular, Molecular and Physical Aspects. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010, pp.85–101.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Bald Eagles Make A Comeback. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. [Comments on Use of Frequent Flyer Credits]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Sefrit J. A study of the effectiveness of a school district’s mentoring /professional development plan for beginning teachers. 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Jacoby S. Sick and Tired of ‘God Bless America.’ New York Times. February 5, 2016:SR3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (online)	2155-384X
Scope	Gastroenterology