How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Pan X. Fundamental equations for species-area theory. Sci. Rep. 2013; 3: 1334.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Payne JL, Wagner A. The robustness and evolvability of transcription factor binding sites. Science 2014; 343: 875–877.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Meissner M, Schlüter D, Soldati D. Role of Toxoplasma gondii myosin A in powering parasite gliding and host cell invasion. Science 2002; 298: 837–840.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Kloxin AM, Kasko AM, Salinas CN et al. Photodegradable hydrogels for dynamic tuning of physical and chemical properties. Science 2009; 324: 59–63.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Ippolito LJ Jr. Satellite Communications Systems Engineering. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

1. Bramer M, Petridis M, Hopgood A eds. Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXVII: Incorporating Applications and Innovations in Intelligent Systems XVIII Proceedings of AI-2010, The Thirtieth SGAI International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence. London: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Chaudhuri S, Mukhopadhyay U. FDI and Relative Wage Inequality. In: Mukhopadhyay U, ed. Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries: A Theoretical Evaluation. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014, pp.101–137.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Expert Committee Finds Genetically Engineered Crops Are As Safe To Eat As Conventionally Bred Plants. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Follow up Review of Automatic Data Processing Activities Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Harper T. Going public, staying private, and everything in between. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Risen J. An Ex-Detainee, but Still a Captive of ‘The Darkness.’ New York Times. October 12, 2016:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (online)	2155-384X
Scope	Gastroenterology