How to format your references using the Clinical and Experimental Nephrology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Experimental Nephrology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. di Lernia S. Cultural heritage: Save Libyan archaeology. Nature. 2015;517:547–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. McCann KL, Baserga SJ. Genetics. Mysterious ribosomopathies. Science. 2013;341:849–50.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Lin DY-W, Huang S, Chen J. Crystal structures of a polypeptide processing and secretion transporter. Nature. 2015;523:425–30.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Yamada K, Ji JJ, Yuan H, Miki T, Sato S, Horimoto N, et al. Protective role of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in hypoxia-induced generalized seizure. Science. 2001;292:1543–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Bradley D. Managing Minor Musculoskeletal Injuries and Conditions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

1. Kountakis SE, Önerci M, editors. Rhinologic and Sleep Apnea Surgical Techniques. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Sun C, Deng Y, Tang B, Zhong S. Urban Traffic Operation Pattern and Spatiotemporal Mode Based on Big Data (Taking Beijing Urban Area as an Example). In: Bian F, Xie Y, editors. Geo-Informatics in Resource Management and Sustainable Ecosystem: Third International Conference, GRMSE 2015, Wuhan, China, October 16-18, 2015, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2016. p. 32–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Experimental Nephrology.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. Scientists Discover Plants Have “Brains” That Determine When They Grow [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-discover-plants-brains-determine-grow/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. NASA Aeronautics: Efforts to Preserve U.S. Leadership in the Aeronautics Industry Are Limited. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Mar. Report No.: T-NSIAD-92-14.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Theis JY. Accessing mental health services among Asian American adults: Evidence from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Dynarski S. Make Everyone Take the SAT or ACT. And Make It Free. New York Times. 2017 Jul 14;BU3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Experimental Nephrology
Abbreviation	Clin. Exp. Nephrol.
ISSN (print)	1342-1751
ISSN (online)	1437-7799
Scope	Physiology Nephrology Physiology (medical)