How to format your references using the Climate of the Past citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Climate of the Past. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lehmann, F. O.: Matching spiracle opening to metabolic need during flight in Drosophila, Science, 294, 1926–1929, 2001.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hosten, O. and Kwiat, P.: Observation of the spin hall effect of light via weak measurements, Science, 319, 787–790, 2008.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fehr, E., Bernhard, H., and Rockenbach, B.: Egalitarianism in young children, Nature, 454, 1079–1083, 2008.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Shapiro, L. R., Seidl-Adams, I., De Moraes, C. M., Stephenson, A. G., and Mescher, M. C.: Dynamics of short- and long-term association between a bacterial plant pathogen and its arthropod vector, Sci. Rep., 4, 4155, 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lad, B. K., Shrivastava, D., and Kulkarni, M. S.: Machine Tool Reliability, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2016.

An edited book

Gahtan, V. and Costanza, M. J. (Eds.): Essentials of Vascular Surgery for the General Surgeon, Springer, New York, NY, XIII, 351 p. 190 illus., 90 illus. in color pp., 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Bradonjić, M., Kohler, E., and Ostrovsky, R.: Near-Optimal Radio Use for Wireless Network Synchronization, in: Algorithmic Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks: 5th International Workshop, ALGOSENSORS 2009, Rhodes, Greece, July 10-11, 2009. Revised Selected Papers, edited by: Dolev, S., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 15–28, 2009.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Climate of the Past.

Blog post

Neil deGrasse Explains How Batman Could Defeat Superman: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/neil-degrasse-tyson-discusses-if-batman-could-ever-defeat-superman-0/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Whole-Body Irradiation Program at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center, and DOD’s Policy on the Use of Human Subjects for Medical Research, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1972.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Maddox, A. L.: Secondary Structure Analysis of the C-Terminus of Gα-Interacting Vesicle Associated Protein Using Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gordon, M. R. and Schmitt, E.: Showdown Expected in the Euphrates Valley, but It’s Complicated, New York Times, 1st September, A6, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lehmann, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Hosten and Kwiat, 2008; Lehmann, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hosten and Kwiat, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Shapiro et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Climate of the Past
Abbreviation	Clim. Past
ISSN (print)	1814-9324
ISSN (online)	1814-9332
Scope	Palaeontology Stratigraphy Global and Planetary Change