How to format your references using the Classroom Discourse citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Classroom Discourse. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Greely, Henry T. 2011. “Get Ready for the Flood of Fetal Gene Screening.” Nature 469 (7330): 289–291.

A journal article with 2 authors

Palmer, Linda, and Gary Lynch. 2010. “Neuroscience. A Kantian View of Space.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 328 (5985): 1487–1488.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lin, Zhen, Art B. Owen, and Russ B. Altman. 2004. “Genetics. Genomic Research and Human Subject Privacy.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 305 (5681): 183.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Hosseinzadeh, Parisa, Gaurav Bhardwaj, Vikram Khipple Mulligan, Matthew D. Shortridge, Timothy W. Craven, Fátima Pardo-Avila, Stephen A. Rettie, et al. 2017. “Comprehensive Computational Design of Ordered Peptide Macrocycles.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 358 (6369): 1461–1466.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gardi, Frédéric, Thierry Benoist, Julien Darlay, Bertrand Estellon, and Romain Megel. 2014. Mathematical Programming Solver Based on Local Search. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Binkley, Dan, and Oleg Menyailo, eds. 2005. Tree Species Effects on Soils: Implications for Global Change: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Trees and Soil Interactions, Implications to Global Climate Change August 2004 Krasnoyarsk, Russia. Vol. 55. NATO Science Series IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Xu, Tao, Yuyu Yuan, and James J. Yoo. 2010. “Cell Source for Tissue and Organ Printing.” In Printed Biomaterials: Novel Processing and Modeling Techniques for Medicine and Surgery, edited by Roger Narayan, Thomas Boland, and Yuan-Shin Lee, 57–69. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Classroom Discourse.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “Modified HIV Cures Rare Genetic Disorder In Children.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/modified-hiv-cures-rare-genetic-disorder-children/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1983. Issues Concerning the National Materials Policy, Research and Development Act of 1980, Public Law 96-479. 121374. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kwon, Yongjae. 2009. “Extreme Value Estimators: Their Long Memory Feature and Forecasting Performances in the U.S. Stock Indexes.” Doctoral dissertation, Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, George. 2010. “An Old-Fashioned Drubbing In December.” New York Times, December 6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Greely 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Greely 2011; Palmer and Lynch 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Palmer and Lynch 2010)
Three authors: (Lin, Owen, and Altman 2004)
4 or more authors: (Hosseinzadeh et al. 2017)

About the journal

Full journal title	Classroom Discourse
ISSN (print)	1946-3014
ISSN (online)	1946-3022
Scope