How to format your references using the City citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for City. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ball, Philip. 2013. “Arts: Reinventing Galileo.” Nature 494 (7438): 428–429.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lu, Pengfei, and Zena Werb. 2008. “Patterning Mechanisms of Branched Organs.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 322 (5907): 1506–1509.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lin, Guonan, Na Xu, and Rongwen Xi. 2008. “Paracrine Wingless Signalling Controls Self-Renewal of Drosophila Intestinal Stem Cells.” Nature 455 (7216): 1119–1123.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Verheyen, Erik, Walter Salzburger, Jos Snoeks, and Axel Meyer. 2003. “Origin of the Superflock of Cichlid Fishes from Lake Victoria, East Africa.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 300 (5617): 325–329.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Palmquist, Stephen R. 2015. Comprehensive Commentary on Kant’s Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Turner, Barry, ed. 2005. The Statesman’s Yearbook: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World 2006. The Statesman’s Yearbook. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

A chapter in an edited book

Münch, Jürgen, Ove Armbrust, Martin Kowalczyk, and Martín Soto. 2012. “Process Modeling Notations and Tools.” In Software Process Definition and Management, edited by Ove Armbrust, Martin Kowalczyk, and Martín Soto, 111–138. The Fraunhofer IESE Series on Software and Systems Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for City.

Blog post

Hamilton, Kristy. 2014. “What Would It Look Like If The Moon Were A Disco Ball?” IFLScience, IFLScience, October 20. https://www.iflscience.com/space/what-if-moon-was-disco-ball/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1989. P.L. 480 Title I Transportation Issues. T-NSIAD-90-8. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gibb, Arthur. 2012. “Implementing U.S. Security Strategy in the 21st Century: A Three-Part Examination of the Evolving Role of the Military in American Foreign and Security Policy.” Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Holden, Stephen. 2015. “Binghamton Just Isn’t Hollywood.” New York Times, February 13, 2015.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ball 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Ball 2013; Lu and Werb 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lu and Werb 2008)
Three authors: (Lin, Xu, and Xi 2008)
4 or more authors: (Verheyen et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	City
Abbreviation	City
ISSN (print)	1360-4813
ISSN (online)	1470-3629
Scope	Geography, Planning and Development Urban Studies