How to format your references using the City citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for City. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brotherton, Michael S. 2014. “Astrophysics: Quasar Complexity Simplified.” Nature 513 (7517): 181–182.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sáez, Alberto G., and Encarnación Lozano. 2005. “Body Doubles.” Nature 433 (7022): 111.

A journal article with 3 authors

Appelbaum, Ian, Biqin Huang, and Douwe J. Monsma. 2007. “Electronic Measurement and Control of Spin Transport in Silicon.” Nature 447 (7142): 295–298.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Björkman, Torbjörn, Simon Kurasch, Ossi Lehtinen, Jani Kotakoski, Oleg V. Yazyev, Anchal Srivastava, Viera Skakalova, Jurgen H. Smet, Ute Kaiser, and Arkady V. Krasheninnikov. 2013. “Defects in Bilayer Silica and Graphene: Common Trends in Diverse Hexagonal Two-Dimensional Systems.” Scientific Reports 3 (December): 3482.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Thiselton, Anthony C. 2010. 1 & 2 Thessalonians: Through the Centuries. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Olson, David L. 2010. Enterprise Risk Management Models. Edited by Desheng Wu. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Menon, Prahlad G., Srilakshmi M. Adhyapak, and V. Rao Parachuri. 2014. “Analysis of Cardiac MRI Based Regional Timing of Left Ventricular Mechanical Contraction as a Biomarker for Electrical Dyssynchrony in Heart-Failure Patients.” In Computational Modeling of Objects Presented in Images. Fundamentals, Methods, and Applications: 4th International Conference, CompIMAGE 2014, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, September 3-5, 2014, edited by Yongjie Jessica Zhang and João Manuel R. S. Tavares, 48–56. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for City.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 2016. “Researchers Turn To Science To Try And Save World’s Coral Reefs.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/researchers-turn-to-science-to-try-and-save-worlds-coral-reefs/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1983. Bonneville’s ADP Resource Management Controls Show Improvement, but More Needs To Be Done. AFMD-83-63. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Diorio, Cathy Ann. 2010. “The Silent Scream of Medusa: Restoring, or Re-Storying, Her Voice.” Doctoral dissertation, Carpinteria, CA: Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, Kelly. 2010. “For Future Iron Chefs, More Places to Learn.” New York Times, December 12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brotherton 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Brotherton 2014; Sáez and Lozano 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sáez and Lozano 2005)
Three authors: (Appelbaum, Huang, and Monsma 2007)
4 or more authors: (Björkman et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	City
Abbreviation	City
ISSN (print)	1360-4813
ISSN (online)	1470-3629
Scope	Geography, Planning and Development Urban Studies