How to format your references using the Citizen Science: Theory and Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Citizen Science: Theory and Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bohannon, J., 2008. The Gonzo Scientist. Scientists, we need your swords!, Science (New York, N.Y.), 320(5874): 312.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schreiber, H. and Rowley, D.A., 2010. Cancer. Awakening immunity, Science (New York, N.Y.), 330(6005): 761–762.

A journal article with 3 authors

Baughman, R.H., Zakhidov, A.A. and de Heer, W.A., 2002. Carbon nanotubes--the route toward applications, Science (New York, N.Y.), 297(5582): 787–792.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Gabaix, X., Gopikrishnan, P., Plerou, V. and Stanley, H.E., 2003. A theory of power-law distributions in financial market fluctuations, Nature, 423(6937): 267–270.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Razik, H., 2013. Handbook of Asynchronous Machine with Variable Speed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Escors, D., 2016. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Cancer. SpringerBriefs in Immunology. 1st ed. 2016. Talmadge, J.E., Breckpot, K., Van Ginderachter, J.A., and Kochan, G. (eds.). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Nasdala, L., Beyssac, O., William Schopf, J. and Bleisteiner, B., 2012. Application of Raman-based images in the Earth sciences. In: Zoubir, A. (ed.) Raman Imaging: Techniques and Applications. Springer Series in Optical Sciences. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 145–187.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Citizen Science: Theory and Practice.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2016. Conservationist To Fly Thousands Of Kilometers Alongside Migrating Swans On Epic Journey. IFLScience, 29 April 2016. Available at https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/daring-conservationist-fly-7000-kilometers-alongside-migrating-swans-epic-journey/ [Last accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2007. Information Technology: DHS’s Human Capital Plan Is Largely Consistent with Relevant Guidance, but Improvements and Implementation Steps Are Still Needed.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dill, K.D., 2012. Nonparametric alternative to Poly-k test in animal tumorigenicity studies. Doctoral dissertation. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K., 2000. Teachers Adding an H (for Hygiene) to the 3 R’s. New York Times, 20 December, B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bohannon 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Bohannon 2008; Schreiber and Rowley 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schreiber and Rowley 2010)
Three authors: (Baughman, Zakhidov and de Heer 2002)
4 or more authors: (Gabaix et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Citizen Science: Theory and Practice
Abbreviation	Citiz. Sci. Theory Pr.
ISSN (online)	2057-4991
Scope