How to format your references using the Chemosphere citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chemosphere. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Triendl, R., 2002. Back to basics. Nature 420, 7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kim, J., Swager, T.M., 2001. Control of conformational and interpolymer effects in conjugated polymers. Nature 411, 1030–1034.

A journal article with 3 authors

Waghmare, P.R., Das, S., Mitra, S.K., 2013. Under-water superoleophobic glass: unexplored role of the surfactant-rich solvent. Sci. Rep. 3, 1862.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chu, D.S., Liu, H., Nix, P., Wu, T.F., Ralston, E.J., Yates, J.R., 3rd, Meyer, B.J., 2006. Sperm chromatin proteomics identifies evolutionarily conserved fertility factors. Nature 443, 101–105.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cross, M., MacDonald, B., 2008. Nutrition in Institutions. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Smith, F.O., Reaman, G.H., Racadio, J.M. (Eds.), 2014. Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Children with Cancer, Pediatric Oncology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Rizzi, A., Montanari, R., Bertolini, M., Bottani, E., Volpi, A., 2011. Impiego della tecnologia RFID per la tracciabilità dei prodotti alimentari, in: Montanari, R., Bertolini, M., Bottani, E., Volpi, A. (Eds.), Logistica e Tecnologia RFID: Creare Valore Nella Filiera Alimentare e Nel Largo Consumo, Food. Springer, Milano, pp. 111–149.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chemosphere.

Blog post

Andrews, R., 2016. Germany Just Produced So Much Renewable Energy That It Had To Pay People To Use It [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2008. Aviation and the Environment: NextGen and Research and Development Are Keys to Reducing Emissions and Their Impact on Health and Climate (No. GAO-08-706T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Arnold, J.K., 2015. An Ecological Model for Health Policy Review: The Integration of New Institutional and Public Choice Theory for Public Policy Assessment (Doctoral dissertation). Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J., 2017. To Keep Cespedes Fit: Add Water, Stir, and Hope. New York Times B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Triendl, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Kim and Swager, 2001; Triendl, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kim and Swager, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Chu et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Chemosphere
Abbreviation	Chemosphere
ISSN (print)	0045-6535
Scope	General Chemistry Environmental Chemistry General Medicine