How to format your references using the Chemosphere citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chemosphere. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Randolph, G.J., 2011. Immunology. No need to coax monocytes. Science 332, 1268–1269.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rushton, M.J.D., Chroneos, A., 2014. Impact of uniaxial strain and doping on oxygen diffusion in CeO2. Sci. Rep. 4, 6068.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chen, F., Lam, C.-H., Tsui, O.K.C., 2014. Materials science. The surface mobility of glasses. Science 343, 975–976.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

He, J., Zhou, P., Jiao, N., Ma, S.Y., Zhang, K.W., Wang, R.Z., Sun, L.Z., 2014. Magnetic exchange coupling and anisotropy of 3d transition metal nanowires on graphyne. Sci. Rep. 4, 4014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pasternak, J.J., 2005. An Introduction to Human Molecular Genetics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Majumder, M., 2013. Decision Making Algorithms for Hydro-Power Plant Location, SpringerBriefs in Energy. Springer, Singapore.

A chapter in an edited book

Shapiro, I.I., 2011. Radar Astronomy, General Relativity, and Celestial Mechanics, in: Colombo, G. (Ed.), Modern Questions of Celestial Mechanics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 65–168.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chemosphere.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2016. Six Incredible Scientists Who Had To Flee Their Homelands As Refugees [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/physics/six-incredible-scientists-who-had-to-flee-their-homelands-as-refugees/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1987. ADP Systems: Examinations of Non-Federal Hospital Information Systems (No. IMTEC-87-21). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Soheili, A., 2008. A transannular Cope approach toward the core structure of isocyclocitrinol (Doctoral dissertation). Columbia University, New York, NY.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hartman, S., 2014. A New Life for Refugees, and the City They Adopted. New York Times A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Randolph, 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Randolph, 2011; Rushton and Chroneos, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rushton and Chroneos, 2014)
Three or more authors: (He et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Chemosphere
Abbreviation	Chemosphere
ISSN (print)	0045-6535
Scope	General Chemistry Environmental Chemistry General Medicine