How to format your references using the Age and Ageing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Age and Ageing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eisenstein M. Big data: The power of petabytes. Nature 2015; 527: S2-4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Berkovits BD, Mayr C. Alternative 3’ UTRs act as scaffolds to regulate membrane protein localization. Nature 2015; 522: 363–367.

A journal article with 3 authors

Miller PM, Gavrilets S, Rice WR. Sexual conflict via maternal-effect genes in ZW species. Science 2006; 312: 73.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wagner GP, Kenney-Hunt JP, Pavlicev M, Peck JR, Waxman D, Cheverud JM. Pleiotropic scaling of gene effects and the ‘cost of complexity’. Nature 2008; 452: 470–472.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Engle CR, Quagrainie KK, Dey MM. Seafood and Aquaculture Marketing Handbook. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016.

An edited book

Azcue P. Stochastic Optimization in Insurance: A Dynamic Programming Approach. New York, NY: Springer, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Thomas L. Data as Constant Becomings. In: Reinertsen AB, editor. Becoming Earth: A Post Human Turn in Educational Discourse Collapsing Nature/Culture Divides. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2016: 41–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Age and Ageing.

Blog post

Fang J. Researchers Solve the Centuries-Old Mystery of Darwin’s ‘Strangest Animals’. IFLScience 2015 https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/researchers-solve-centuries-old-mystery-darwins-strangest-animals/ (30 October 2018, date last accessed).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Education and Care: Head Start Key Among Array of Early Childhood Programs, but National Research on Effectiveness Not Completed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Minger L. Examining Education Leadership Communication Practices around Basic and Advanced Skill Sets: A Multiple Case Study. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper M. Putting the Passion of Opera Behind Bars. New York Times 2017 C7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1,2,3,4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Age and Ageing
ISSN (print)	0002-0729
ISSN (online)	1468-2834
Scope

Research and Writing Guides