How to format your references using the Chaos, Solitons and Fractals: the interdisciplinary journal of Nonlinear Science, and Nonequilibrium and Complex Phenomena citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chaos, Solitons and Fractals: the interdisciplinary journal of Nonlinear Science, and Nonequilibrium and Complex Phenomena. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Marshall C. Comment on “Abrupt and gradual extinction among Late Permian land vertebrates in the Karoo basin, South Africa.” Science 2005;308:1413; author reply 1413.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Rakoff-Nahoum S, Medzhitov R. Regulation of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis through the adaptor protein MyD88. Science 2007;317:124–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Kahn SE, Hull RL, Utzschneider KM. Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature 2006;444:840–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Xiao H, Murakami H, Suga H, Ferré-D’Amaré AR. Structural basis of specific tRNA aminoacylation by a small in vitro selected ribozyme. Nature 2008;454:358–61.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Kondoz AM. Digital Speech. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

[1]

Schaltegger S, Zvezdov D, Alvarez Etxeberria I, Csutora M, Günther E, editors. Corporate Carbon and Climate Accounting. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Hepburn HR, Pirk CWW, Duangphakdee O. Communication by Vibrations and Scents in the Comb. In: Pirk CWW, Duangphakdee O, editors. Honeybee Nests: Composition, Structure, Function, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014, p. 79–103.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chaos, Solitons and Fractals: the interdisciplinary journal of Nonlinear Science, and Nonequilibrium and Complex Phenomena.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Peeling Sticky Tape Produces X-rays. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/peeling-sticky-tape-produces-x-rays/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Financial Management Systems: HUD Needs to Address Management and Governance Weaknesses That Jeopardize Its Modernization Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Michaels JL. Changing cooperation to competition disrupts attitudes and valence: First test of a dynamical model. Doctoral dissertation. Florida Atlantic University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Sisario B. Roll Over, Beyoncé: Chuck Berry’s Surprise. New York Times 2016:C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Chaos, Solitons and Fractals: the interdisciplinary journal of Nonlinear Science, and Nonequilibrium and Complex Phenomena
Abbreviation	Chaos Solitons Fractals
ISSN (print)	0960-0779
Scope	General Mathematics