How to format your references using the Chaos, Solitons and Fractals: the interdisciplinary journal of Nonlinear Science, and Nonequilibrium and Complex Phenomena citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chaos, Solitons and Fractals: the interdisciplinary journal of Nonlinear Science, and Nonequilibrium and Complex Phenomena. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Lewis R. Chemistry in context. Nature 2007;446:464–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Sander PM, Clauss M. Paleontology. Sauropod gigantism. Science 2008;322:200–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Goes S, Capitanio FA, Morra G. Evidence of lower-mantle slab penetration phases in plate motions. Nature 2008;451:981–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Bakker A, Kirwan CB, Miller M, Stark CEL. Pattern separation in the human hippocampal CA3 and dentate gyrus. Science 2008;319:1640–2.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

O’Malley C. Bonds Without Borders. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Marchiori E, Moore JH, Rajapakse JC, editors. Evolutionary Computation,Machine Learning and Data Mining in Bioinformatics: 5th European Conference, EvoBIO 2007, Valencia, Spain, April 11-13, 2007. Proceedings. vol. 4447. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Kim DS, Kim T. Identities of Symmetry for the Generalized Degenerate Euler Polynomials. In: Singh VK, Srivastava HM, Venturino E, Resch M, Gupta V, editors. Modern Mathematical Methods and High Performance Computing in Science and Technology: M3HPCST, Ghaziabad, India, December 2015, Singapore: Springer; 2016, p. 35–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chaos, Solitons and Fractals: the interdisciplinary journal of Nonlinear Science, and Nonequilibrium and Complex Phenomena.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Bronze Age “World War Zero” Could Have Wiped Out A Mysterious Civilization. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/claims-bronze-age-world-war-zero/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. St. Louis Postal Data Center’s Administration of Accounts Payable. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1970.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Teeter CM. Characterizing the Spatial Density Functions of Neural Arbors. Doctoral dissertation. University of California San Diego, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

MacFARQUHAR N. Conspiracy Theories Mix With Somber Condolences. New York Times 2015:A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Chaos, Solitons and Fractals: the interdisciplinary journal of Nonlinear Science, and Nonequilibrium and Complex Phenomena
Abbreviation	Chaos Solitons Fractals
ISSN (print)	0960-0779
Scope	General Mathematics