How to format your references using the Changing English citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Changing English. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Perkel, Jeffrey M. 2015. “Rate That Journal.” Nature 520 (7545): 119–120.

A journal article with 2 authors

Maynard, Andrew, and David Rejeski. 2009. “Too Small to Overlook.” Nature 460 (7252): 174.

A journal article with 3 authors

Neumann, Gabriele, Takeshi Noda, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka. 2009. “Emergence and Pandemic Potential of Swine-Origin H1N1 Influenza Virus.” Nature 459 (7249): 931–939.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Burchardt, Steffi, Valentin R. Troll, Lucie Mathieu, Henry C. Emeleus, and Colin H. Donaldson. 2013. “Ardnamurchan 3D Cone-Sheet Architecture Explained by a Single Elongate Magma Chamber.” Scientific Reports 3 (October 2013): 2891.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Henriksen, Richard N. 2015. Scale Invariance. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Kantak, Kathleen M., and Joseph G. Wettstein, eds. 2015. Cognitive Enhancement. Vol. 228. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Johannes, Wolfgang Jacoby, and Peter L. Smilde. 2009. “Gravity Anomalies and Disturbances: Reductions and Analyses.” In Gravity Interpretation: Fundamentals and Application of Gravity Inversion and Geological Interpretation, edited by Peter L. Smilde, 151–179. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Changing English.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2014. “Bizarre Deformed ‘Unicorn’ Found In Slovenia.” IFLScience, IFLScience, November 13.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1990. Railroad Safety: FRA’s Staffing Model Cannot Estimate Inspectors Needed for Safety Mission. RCED-91-32. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Andrews, Amanda. 2013. “Yoga as Mental Health Treatment for Cancer Survivors: A Grant Proposal.” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, George. 2010. “A 96-Team Tournament? Now That’s Madness.” New York Times, March 7, 2010.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Perkel 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Perkel 2015; Maynard and Rejeski 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Maynard and Rejeski 2009)
Three authors: (Neumann, Noda, and Kawaoka 2009)
4 or more authors: (Burchardt et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Changing English
ISSN (print)	1358-684X
ISSN (online)	1469-3585
Scope	Education Cultural Studies