How to format your references using the Changing English citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Changing English. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mardis, Elaine R. 2011. “A Decade’s Perspective on DNA Sequencing Technology.” Nature 470 (7333): 198–203.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fei, Yingwei, and Constance Bertka. 2005. “Planetary Science. The Interior of Mars.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 308 (5725): 1120–1121.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang, Chan, Yong-Ping Yang, and Yuan-Wen Duan. 2014. “Pollen Sensitivity to Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) Suggests Floral Structure Evolution in Alpine Plants.” Scientific Reports 4 (March): 4520.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

He, Peilei, Biao Xu, Huiling Liu, Su He, Faisal Saleem, and Xun Wang. 2013. “Polyoxometalate-Based Supramolecular Gel.” Scientific Reports 3: 1833.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zarbock, Gerhard, Siobhan Lynch, Axel Ammann, and Silka Ringer. 2014. Mindfulness for Therapists. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Bridges, Douglas S. 2006. Techniques of Constructive Analysis. Edited by Luminiţa Simona Vîţă. Universitext. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Köhler, Michael, Daniel Moldt, Heiko Rölke, and Rüdiger Valk. 2005. “Linking Micro and Macro Description of Scalable Social Systems Using Reference Nets.” In Socionics: Scalability of Complex Social Systems, edited by Klaus Fischer, Michael Florian, and Thomas Malsch, 51–67. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Changing English.

Blog post

Andrew, Danielle. 2015. “How To Make A Hurricane On A Bubble.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/how-make-hurricane-bubble/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2005. Highlights of an Expert Panel: The Benefits and Costs of Highway and Transit Investments. GAO-05-423SP. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson, Avonda C. 2012. “The Lived Experience of the Adult African American Female Who Has Lived in Multiple Foster Care Placements.” Doctoral dissertation, Minneapolis, MN: Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, Michael. 1993. “After Waco’s Inferno, an Inquisition That Insists on Rational Answers.” New York Times, April 25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mardis 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Mardis 2011; Fei and Bertka 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fei and Bertka 2005)
Three authors: (Zhang, Yang, and Duan 2014)
4 or more authors: (He et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Changing English
ISSN (print)	1358-684X
ISSN (online)	1469-3585
Scope	Education Cultural Studies