How to format your references using the Changing English citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Changing English. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Savage, Neil. 2014. “Clotting Factors: Stretching Time.” Nature 515 (7528): S162-4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Calabrese, Edward J., and Linda A. Baldwin. 2003. “Toxicology Rethinks Its Central Belief.” Nature 421 (6924): 691–692.

A journal article with 3 authors

Parr, Brendan T., Christos Economou, and Seth B. Herzon. 2015. “A Concise Synthesis of (+)-Batzelladine B from Simple Pyrrole-Based Starting Materials.” Nature 525 (7570): 507–510.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Groll, Michael, Barbara Schellenberg, André S. Bachmann, Crystal R. Archer, Robert Huber, Tracy K. Powell, Steven Lindow, Markus Kaiser, and Robert Dudler. 2008. “A Plant Pathogen Virulence Factor Inhibits the Eukaryotic Proteasome by a Novel Mechanism.” Nature 452 (7188): 755–758.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Donald, Ian W. 2010. Waste Immobilization in Glass and Ceramic Based Hosts. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

McLean, Kate C., and Monisha Pasupathi, eds. 2010. Narrative Development in Adolescence: Creating the Storied Self. Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development. Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Nilius, Georg, Karl-Josef Franke, Ulrike Domanski, Karl-Heinz Rühle, Jason P. Kirkness, and Hartmut Schneider. 2013. “Effects of Nasal Insufflation on Arterial Gas Exchange and Breathing Pattern in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure.” In Respiratory Regulation - Clinical Advances, edited by Mieczyslaw Pokorski, 27–34. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Changing English.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2014. “Baby Mammoths So Well Preserved We Can Determine Cause Of Death.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/baby-mammoths-so-well-preserved-we-can-determine-cause-death/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1991. Tax System Modernization: An Assessment of IRS’ Design Master Plan. IMTEC-91-53BR. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brothers, Jonathan. 2009. “Nonparametric Regression Using Wavelet Transformations and Noise Reduction in Audio Signals.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lehman, Susan. 2016. “The Big Try-On.” New York Times, November 11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Savage 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Savage 2014; Calabrese and Baldwin 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Calabrese and Baldwin 2003)
Three authors: (Parr, Economou, and Herzon 2015)
4 or more authors: (Groll et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Changing English
ISSN (print)	1358-684X
ISSN (online)	1469-3585
Scope	Education Cultural Studies