How to format your references using the CEN Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for CEN Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Brody H. Human papillomavirus. Nature. 2012;488:S1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Chiarugi A, Moskowitz MA. Cell biology. PARP-1--a perpetrator of apoptotic cell death? Science. 2002;297:200–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Zhou H, Pei Y, Fang D. Magnetic field tunable small-scale mechanical properties of nickel single crystals measured by nanoindentation technique. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4583.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Spilker JS, Aravena M, Béthermin M, Chapman SC, Chen C-C, Cunningham DJM, et al. Fast molecular outflow from a dusty star-forming galaxy in the early Universe. Science. 2018;361:1016–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lui SH. Numerical Analysis of Partial Differential Equations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Riedl R. Fundamentals of NeuroIS: Information Systems and the Brain. Léger P-M, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Jetley R, Sudarsan S, R. S, Ramaswamy S. Medical Software – Issues and Best Practices. In: Hota C, Srimani PK, editors. Distributed Computing and Internet Technology: 9th International Conference, ICDCIT 2013, Bhubaneswar, India, February 5-8, 2013 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 69–91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for CEN Case Reports.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Our Microbial Auras Follow Us Everywhere We Go [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/our-microbial-auras-follow-us-everywhere-we-go/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: New Regulations for Deicing Aircraft Could Be Strengthened. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 Nov. Report No.: RCED-93-52.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Jha JS. [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Gem-Dicyanoepoxide and Electrophilic Reaction of Ethyl Atropate [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Crow K. Survivors of the Winds of Change. New York Times. 2001 Sep 2;143.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	CEN Case Reports
Abbreviation	CEN Case Rep.
ISSN (online)	2192-4449
Scope