How to format your references using the Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Rando TA. Stem cells, ageing and the quest for immortality. Nature 2006;441:1080–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Hirn A, Laigle M. Geophysics. Silent heralds of megathrust earthquakes? Science 2004;305:1917–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Luce CH, Abatzoglou JT, Holden ZA. The missing mountain water: slower westerlies decrease orographic enhancement in the Pacific Northwest USA. Science 2013;342:1360–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Yarbrough ML, Li Y, Kinch LN, Grishin NV, Ball HL, Orth K. AMPylation of Rho GTPases by Vibrio VopS disrupts effector binding and downstream signaling. Science 2009;323:269–72.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Krause TR. Leading with Safety. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Scherer P. Theoretical Molecular Biophysics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Quintero J, Venkatasubramanian VM. A Real-Time Wide-Area Controller for Mitigating Small-Signal Instability. In: Messina AR, editor. Inter-area Oscillations in Power Systems: A Nonlinear and Nonstationary Perspective, Boston, MA: Springer US; 2009, p. 127–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Bizarre 505-Million-Year-Old Spiky Worm Has Living Descendants. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bizarre-505-million-year-old-spiky-worm-has-living-descendants/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. NAVSTAR Global Positioning System--A Program With Many Uncertainties. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Crosby AE. A phenomenological heuristic study of psychosocial factors that contribute to African American females’ HIV seroconversion. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. IN REVERSAL OF COURSE, JUSTICES, 5-4, BACK BAN ON ABORTION METHOD. New York Times 2007:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Studies in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation
ISSN (print)	2214-6571
Scope	Computational Mechanics Mechanics of Materials Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality Materials Science (miscellaneous)