How to format your references using the Case Reports in Nephrology and Urology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Reports in Nephrology and Urology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Di Santo JP. Immunology. A guardian of T cell fate. Science. 2010 Jul;329(5987):44–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fagiolini M, Hensch TK. Inhibitory threshold for critical-period activation in primary visual cortex. Nature. 2000 Mar;404(6774):183–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kolodner RD, Putnam CD, Myung K. Maintenance of genome stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science. 2002 Jul;297(5581):552–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Abram NJ, Gagan MK, Liu Z, Hantoro WS, McCulloch MT, Suwargadi BW. Seasonal characteristics of the Indian Ocean Dipole during the Holocene epoch. Nature. 2007 Jan;445(7125):299–302.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Celant G, Broniatowski M. Interpolation and Extrapolation Optimal Designs 1. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Bosch J, editor. Continuous Software Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Poirier DR, Geiger GH. Energy Balance Applications in Fluid Flow. In: Geiger GH, editor. Transport Phenomena in Materials Processing. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016; pp 113–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Reports in Nephrology and Urology.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Shiny Metal Meteorite Spotted By Curiosity On Mars [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Nov [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/shiny-metal-meteorite-spotted-by-curiosity-on-mars/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Education and Care: Early Childhood Programs and Services for Low-Income Families. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lavoie D. Ecotone. 2010

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt LF. For Sabbath on Saturdays, Fewer Open Shops. New York Times. 2008 Mar;LI13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Reports in Nephrology and Urology
Abbreviation	Case Rep. Nephrol. Urol.
ISSN (online)	1664-5510
Scope