How to format your references using the Case Reports in Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Reports in Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Leggett AJ. Physics. Superconducting qubits--a major roadblock dissolved? Science. 2002 May;296(5569):861–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kim SW, Ahn J-P. Polycrystalline nanowires of gadolinium-doped ceria via random alignment mediated by supercritical carbon dioxide. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1606.

A journal article with 3 authors

Srianand R, Petitjean P, Ledoux C. The cosmic microwave background radiation temperature at a redshift of 2.34. Nature. 2000;408(6815):931–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Takayama T, Yaresko A, Matsumoto A, Nuss J, Ishii K, Yoshida M, et al. Spin-orbit coupling induced semi-metallic state in the 1/3 hole-doped hyper-kagome Na3Ir3O8. Sci Rep. 2014 Oct;4:6818.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gwynne P. World Religions in Practice. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

Kilinc EG. Remote Powering and Data Communication for Implanted Biomedical Systems. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Charisis V, Hadjidimitriou S, Hadjileontiadis L, Uğurca D, Yilmaz E. EmoActivity - An EEG-Based Gamified Emotion HCI for Augmented Artistic Expression: The i-Treasures Paradigm. In: Antona M, Stephanidis C, editors. Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Access to the Human Environment and Culture: 9th International Conference, UAHCI 2015, Held as Part of HCI International 2015, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2-7, 2015, Proceedings, Part IV. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015; pp 29–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Reports in Gastroenterology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. SpaceX May Start Launches Again As Soon As November After Rocket Explosion [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Sep

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Proposed Closure of VOA Dixon Relay Station. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Goldgof GM. Drug Target Discovery Using Designer Drug Sensitive Yeast. 2017

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Otis J. Decades After a Stroke, Seeking Independence and Normalcy. New York Times. 2017 Oct;A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Reports in Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Case Rep. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (online)	1662-0631
Scope	Gastroenterology