How to format your references using the Case Reports in Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Reports in Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ruan Y. Genome-sequencing anniversary. Presenting the human genome: now in 3D! Science. 2011 Feb;331(6020):1025–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tessier PM, Lindquist S. Prion recognition elements govern nucleation, strain specificity and species barriers. Nature. 2007 May;447(7144):556–61.

A journal article with 3 authors

Truog RD, Kesselheim AS, Joffe S. Research ethics. Paying patients for their tissue: the legacy of Henrietta Lacks. Science. 2012 Jul;337(6090):37–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wang Y, Lv M, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Jiang T, Zhang W, et al. Reconstruction of lactate utilization system in Pseudomonas putida KT2440: a novel biocatalyst for l-2-hydroxy-carboxylate production. Sci Rep. 2014 Nov;4:6939.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zink M. Scalable Video on Demand. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,.; 2005.

An edited book

Bulajich Manfrino R. Topics in Algebra and Analysis: Preparing for the Mathematical Olympiad. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Barrot N, Gourvès L, Lang J, Monnot J, Ries B. Possible Winners in Approval Voting. In: Perny P, Pirlot M, Tsoukiàs A, editors. Algorithmic Decision Theory: Third International Conference, ADT 2013, Bruxelles, Belgium, November 12-14, 2013, Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013; pp 57–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Reports in Gastroenterology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Meet The Parasites That Turn Their Hosts Into Zombies [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 Oct [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/parasites-turn-their-hosts-zombies/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. The Management and Operation of the Runaway Youth Program Administered by the Administration for Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Howard JT. Transracial adoption psychoeducational services for potential adoptive parents: A grant proposal. 2010

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Battle Over a Pillar to Nobel Yields No Statue, No Peace. New York Times. 2001 May;147.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Reports in Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Case Rep. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (online)	1662-0631
Scope	Gastroenterology