How to format your references using the Case Reports in Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Reports in Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

FitzGerald GA. Circadian Rhythms. Temporal targets of drug action. Science. 2014 Nov;346(6212):921–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hager R, Johnstone RA. The genetic basis of family conflict resolution in mice. Nature. 2003 Jan;421(6922):533–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Richardson CE, Kooistra T, Kim DH. An essential role for XBP-1 in host protection against immune activation in C. elegans. Nature. 2010 Feb;463(7284):1092–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Eun JK, Guthrie KA, Zirpoli G, Gadi VK. In situ breast cancer and microchimerism. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2192.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zheng F, Kaiser T. Digital Signal Processing for RFID. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Solé-Casals J, Zaiats V, editors. Advances in Nonlinear Speech Processing: International Conference on Nonlinear Speech Processing, NOLISP 2009, Vic, Spain, June 25-27. Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Mizuguchi Y, Specht S, Isse K, Lunz JG, Demetris AJ. Biliary Epithelial Cells. In: Monga SPS, editor. Molecular Pathology of Liver Diseases. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2011; pp 27–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Reports in Gastroenterology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Creating Dinosaurs: Why Jurassic World Could Never Work [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Apr [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/creating-dinosaurs-why-jurassic-world-could-never-work/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Research: Airport Cooperative Research Program Addresses Many Needs but Could Enhance Transparency and Clarify Scope of Research Role. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Konggidinata MI. Application and Modifications of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon (OMC) for BTEX Removal: Characterization, Adsorption Mechanisms, and Kinetic Studies. 2017

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. WBGO Is Giving Jazz a Higher Profile Online. New York Times. 2017 Jan;C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Reports in Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Case Rep. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (online)	1662-0631
Scope	Gastroenterology