How to format your references using the Case Reports in Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Reports in Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vyazovskiy VV. Neuroscience. Mapping the birth of the sleep connectome. Science. 2015 Nov;350(6263):909–10.

A journal article with 2 authors

Stern SA, Weissman PR. Rapid collisional evolution of comets during the formation of the Oort cloud. Nature. 2001 Feb;409(6820):589–91.

A journal article with 3 authors

Veenstra GJ, Weeks DL, Wolffe AP. Distinct roles for TBP and TBP-like factor in early embryonic gene transcription in Xenopus. Science. 2000 Dec;290(5500):2312–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Shah NP, Tran C, Lee FY, Chen P, Norris D, Sawyers CL. Overriding imatinib resistance with a novel ABL kinase inhibitor. Science. 2004 Jul;305(5682):399–401.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lincoln NB, Kneebone II, Macniven JAB, Morris RC. Psychological Management of Stroke. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

Shi YQ, Liu F, Yan W, editors. Transactions on Data Hiding and Multimedia Security IX: Special Issue on Visual Cryptography. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Smith LM, Campbell J. The Breakwells’ Tale. In: Campbell J, editor. Families, Education and Giftedness: Case Studies in the Construction of High Achievement. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2012; pp 77–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Reports in Gastroenterology.

Blog post

Hale T. Drones Capture Stunning Images Of Orca Pod [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Oct [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/incredible-drone-images-orcas-coast-seattle/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Mass Transit: Many Management Successes at WMATA, but Capital Planning Could Be Enhanced. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Banks GM. The revolution will not be gender-ized. 2009

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Antilla S. Gender Bias Case Against Sterling Jewelers Can Proceed. New York Times. 2015 Feb;B8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Reports in Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Case Rep. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (online)	1662-0631
Scope	Gastroenterology