How to format your references using the AAPS PharmSciTech citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for AAPS PharmSciTech. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smith BE. Structure. Nitrogenase reveals its inner secrets. Science. 2002;297:1654–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Postma E, van Noordwijk AJ. Gene flow maintains a large genetic difference in clutch size at a small spatial scale. Nature. 2005;433:65–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Shi Y, Evans JE, Rock KL. Molecular identification of a danger signal that alerts the immune system to dying cells. Nature. 2003;425:516–21.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Gottar M, Gobert V, Michel T, Belvin M, Duyk G, Hoffmann JA, et al. The Drosophila immune response against Gram-negative bacteria is mediated by a peptidoglycan recognition protein. Nature. 2002;416:640–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Damrosch D. How to Read World Literature. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

1. Rehm G, Uszkoreit H, editors. The French Language in the Digital Age. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Benedetto JJ, Begué MJ. Fourier Operators in Applied Harmonic Analysis. In: Pfander GE, editor. Sampling Theory, a Renaissance: Compressive Sensing and Other Developments. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 185–215.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for AAPS PharmSciTech.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. 52 Percent Of The British Public Think The Moon Landings Were Faked, Claims Survey [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/52-percent-of-the-british-public-think-the-moon-landings-were-faked-claims-survey/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Treasury Electronic Signature Concept. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 Aug. Report No.: AIMD-94-167R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Jones G. The impact of song on repeated reading: An examination of comprehension, fluency, and engagement with texts of Hispanic second graders in a Title I urban school [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kishkovsky S. Minarets and Onion Domes. New York Times. 2008 Sep 28;TR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	AAPS PharmSciTech
Abbreviation	AAPS PharmSciTech
ISSN (online)	1530-9932
Scope	Agronomy and Crop Science Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology General Medicine Drug Discovery Pharmaceutical Science

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