How to format your references using the Cartography and Geographic Information Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cartography and Geographic Information Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clayton, Julie. 2010. “Chagas Disease: Pushing through the Pipeline.” Nature 465 (7301): S12-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hartley, R. R., and R. P. Behringer. 2003. “Logarithmic Rate Dependence of Force Networks in Sheared Granular Materials.” Nature 421 (6926): 928–931.

A journal article with 3 authors

Barna, Maria, Pier Paolo Pandolfi, and Lee Niswander. 2005. “Gli3 and Plzf Cooperate in Proximal Limb Patterning at Early Stages of Limb Development.” Nature 436 (7048): 277–281.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Iwamoto, Nobuyuki, Hideyuki Umeda, Nozomu Tominaga, Ken’ichi Nomoto, and Keiichi Maeda. 2005. “The First Chemical Enrichment in the Universe and the Formation of Hyper Metal-Poor Stars.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 309 (5733): 451–453.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lippold, John C. 2015. Welding Metallurgy and Weldability. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Pejaś, Jerzy, and Andrzej Piegat, eds. 2005. Enhanced Methods in Computer Security, Biometric and Artificial Intelligence Systems. Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Zampieri, Marcos, and Ekaterina Lapshinova-Koltunski. 2015. “Investigating Genre and Method Variation in Translation Using Text Classification.” In Text, Speech, and Dialogue: 18th International Conference, TSD 2015, Pilsen,Czech Republic, September 14-17, 2015, Proceedings, edited by Pavel Král and Václav Matoušek, 41–50. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cartography and Geographic Information Science.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2014. “Inventor Develops Synthetic ‘Leaf’ That Produces Oxygen.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1993. Direct Student Loans: The Department of Education’s Implementation of Direct Lending. T-HRD-93-26. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nichol, Kathy P. 2013. “English Language Learners and Gifted Identification: Exploring the Perceptions of Teachers and Parents.” Doctoral dissertation, Scottsdale, AZ: Northcentral University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, Sophia. 2009. “Russian Leaders Attend Installation of Orthodox Patriarch.” New York Times, February 2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clayton 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Clayton 2010; Hartley and Behringer 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hartley and Behringer 2003)
Three authors: (Barna, Pandolfi, and Niswander 2005)
4 or more authors: (Iwamoto et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Cartography and Geographic Information Science
Abbreviation	Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1523-0406
ISSN (online)	1545-0465
Scope	Management of Technology and Innovation Civil and Structural Engineering Geography, Planning and Development