How to format your references using the Cartography and Geographic Information Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cartography and Geographic Information Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Livio, Mario. 2015. “Astronomy: Hubble’s Legacy.” Nature 520 (7547): 287–289.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sommer, Marc A., and Robert H. Wurtz. 2006. “Influence of the Thalamus on Spatial Visual Processing in Frontal Cortex.” Nature 444 (7117): 374–377.

A journal article with 3 authors

Park, Hye Hun, Kyoungja Woo, and Jae-Pyoung Ahn. 2013. “Core-Shell Bimetallic Nanoparticles Robustly Fixed on the Outermost Surface of Magnetic Silica Microspheres.” Scientific Reports 3: 1497.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Lay, A. J., X. M. Jiang, O. Kisker, E. Flynn, A. Underwood, R. Condron, and P. J. Hogg. 2000. “Phosphoglycerate Kinase Acts in Tumour Angiogenesis as a Disulphide Reductase.” Nature 408 (6814): 869–873.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Feyel, Philippe. 2013. Loop-Shaping Robust Control. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Wang, Jiazhuo G. 2016. Financing without Bank Loans: New Alternatives for Funding SMEs in China. Edited by Juan Yang. Singapore: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bandyopadhyay, Bijnan, Fulwani Deepak, and Kyung-Soo Kim. 2009. “Integral Sliding Mode Based Composite Nonlinear Feedback Control.” In Sliding Mode Control Using Novel Sliding Surfaces, edited by Fulwani Deepak and Kyung-Soo Kim, 83–95. Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cartography and Geographic Information Science.

Blog post

Hale, Tom. 2017. “Deer Photographed Gnawing On Human Remains For The First Time.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/deer-photographed-gnawing-on-human-remains-for-the-first-time/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2007. Aviation Security: Cost Estimates Related to TSA Funding of Checked Baggage Screening Systems at Los Angeles and Ontario Airports. GAO-07-445. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Besson, Paul S. 2015. “Affective Organizational Commitment: A Comparative View of the Experience of 5-7 Year Managerial Employees Who Participated in an Employee Identity Network.” Doctoral dissertation, Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Link, Kelly. 2016. “Letting All the ‘What Ifs’ Out to Play.” New York Times, August 5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Livio 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Livio 2015; Sommer and Wurtz 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sommer and Wurtz 2006)
Three authors: (Park, Woo, and Ahn 2013)
4 or more authors: (Lay et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Cartography and Geographic Information Science
Abbreviation	Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1523-0406
ISSN (online)	1545-0465
Scope	Management of Technology and Innovation Civil and Structural Engineering Geography, Planning and Development