How to format your references using the Cartography and Geographic Information Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cartography and Geographic Information Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schorghofer, Norbert. 2007. “Dynamics of Ice Ages on Mars.” Nature 449 (7159): 192–194.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pitt, Jason N., and Adrian R. Ferré-D’Amaré. 2010. “Rapid Construction of Empirical RNA Fitness Landscapes.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 330 (6002): 376–379.

A journal article with 3 authors

Davison, P. A., C. N. Hunter, and P. Horton. 2002. “Overexpression of Beta-Carotene Hydroxylase Enhances Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis.” Nature 418 (6894): 203–206.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Kleiven, Helga Kikki Flesche, Catherine Kissel, Carlo Laj, Ulysses S. Ninnemann, Thomas O. Richter, and Elsa Cortijo. 2008. “Reduced North Atlantic Deep Water Coeval with the Glacial Lake Agassiz Freshwater Outburst.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 319 (5859): 60–64.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Malhotra, Girish. 2010. Chemical Process Simplification. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Gerónimo, David. 2014. Vision-Based Pedestrian Protection Systems for Intelligent Vehicles. Edited by Antonio M. López. SpringerBriefs in Computer Science. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Macé, Sébastien, and Éric Anquetil. 2007. “A Generic Approach for Pen-Based User Interface Development.” In Computer-Aided Design of User Interfaces V, edited by Gaëlle Calvary, Costin Pribeanu, Giuseppe Santucci, and Jean Vanderdonckt, 57–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cartography and Geographic Information Science.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “Sperm Whales Learn Local Dialects – New Study Is Yet More Proof That Animals Have Culture.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/sperm-whales-learn-local-dialects-new-study-yet-more-proof-animals-have-culture/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2010. Transportation Security: Additional Actions Could Strengthen the Security of Intermodal Transportation Facilities. GAO-10-435R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Whidby, Michael Alan. 2012. “Citation Handling: Processing Citation Texts in Scientific Documents.” Doctoral dissertation, College Park, MD: University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Park, Linda Sue. 2015. “Look on the Bright Side.” New York Times, January 18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schorghofer 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Schorghofer 2007; Pitt and Ferré-D’Amaré 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pitt and Ferré-D’Amaré 2010)
Three authors: (Davison, Hunter, and Horton 2002)
4 or more authors: (Kleiven et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Cartography and Geographic Information Science
Abbreviation	Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1523-0406
ISSN (online)	1545-0465
Scope	Management of Technology and Innovation Civil and Structural Engineering Geography, Planning and Development