How to format your references using the Caries Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Caries Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gates BD: Materials science. Flexible electronics. Science 2009;323:1566–1567.

A journal article with 2 authors

Williamson CE, Rose KC: Environmental science. When UV meets fresh water. Science 2010;329:637–639.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dubash NK, Fleurbaey M, Kartha S: Climate policy. Political implications of data presentation. Science 2014;345:36–37.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Huber H, Hohn MJ, Rachel R, Fuchs T, Wimmer VC, Stetter KO: A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosized hyperthermophilic symbiont. Nature 2002;417:63–67.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Donald IW: Waste Immobilization in Glass and Ceramic Based Hosts, Chichester, UK, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010.

An edited book

Mann GS, Blair JC, Garden AS, editors: Imaging of Gynecological Disorders in Infants and Children, Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Hirose M, Mitani J, Kanamori Y, Fukui Y: An Interactive Design System for Sphericon-Based Geometric Toys Using Conical Voxels; in Dickmann L, Volkmann G, Malaka R, Boll S, Krüger A, Olivier P (eds): Smart Graphics: 11th International Symposium, SG 2011, Bremen, Germany, July 18-20, 2011. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, 2011, pp 37–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Caries Research.

Blog post

Davis J: Mars Scientists Emerge From Eight-Month Isolation Experiment [Internet]. IFLScience 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/scientists-emerge-eight-months-mars-isolation-experiment/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Financial Education and Counseling Pilot Program, Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Quiros PQ: SNR estimation and jamming detection techniques using wavelets 2014;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C: Over the Years, It Feels Right at Home. New York Times 2008;LI4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Caries Research
Abbreviation	Caries Res.
ISSN (print)	0008-6568
ISSN (online)	1421-976X
Scope	General Dentistry