How to format your references using the Caries Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Caries Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Painter PR: Rivers, blood and transportation networks. Nature 2000;408:159; discussion 160.

A journal article with 2 authors

Quental TB, Marshall CR: How the Red Queen drives terrestrial mammals to extinction. Science 2013;341:290–292.

A journal article with 3 authors

Song J, Gao X, Galán JE: Structure and function of the Salmonella Typhi chimaeric A(2)B(5) typhoid toxin. Nature 2013;499:350–354.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Burgert R, Schnöckel H, Grubisic A, Li X, Stokes ST, Bowen KH, et al.: Spin conservation accounts for aluminum cluster anion reactivity pattern with O2. Science 2008;319:438–442.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Alexander M, Walkenbach J: 101 Ready-to-Use Excel® Macros, Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012.

An edited book

Zaphiris P, Ioannou A, editors: Learning and Collaboration Technologies. Technology-Rich Environments for Learning and Collaboration: First International Conference, LCT 2014, Held as Part of HCI International 2014, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, June 22-27, 2014, Proceedings, Part II, Cham, Springer International Publishing, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Wood RT: U.S. Department of Energy Instrumentation and Controls Technology Research for Advanced Small Modular Reactors; in Yoshikawa H, Zhang Z (eds): Progress of Nuclear Safety for Symbiosis and Sustainability: Advanced Digital Instrumentation, Control and Information Systems for Nuclear Power Plants. Tokyo, Springer Japan, 2014, pp 33–39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Caries Research.

Blog post

Hamilton K: Four little-known EU rules which help protect Britain’s environment. IFLScience 2016;

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Trucking Transportation: Information on Handling of Undercharge Claims, Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bacus M: Disturb the Morning 2015;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J: Rich, and a Jerk, but Then, Wait for It . . . New York Times 2017;C7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Caries Research
Abbreviation	Caries Res.
ISSN (print)	0008-6568
ISSN (online)	1421-976X
Scope	General Dentistry