How to format your references using the Carbon Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Carbon Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bourzac K. Microbiome: the bacterial tightrope. Nature. 516(7529), S14-6 (2014).

A journal article with 2 authors

Lu X, Brelsford C. Network structure and community evolution on Twitter: human behavior change in response to the 2011 Japanese earthquake and tsunami. Sci. Rep. 4, 6773 (2014).

A journal article with 3 authors

Roy K, Hunt G, Jablonski D. Phylogenetic conservatism of extinctions in marine bivalves. Science. 325(5941), 733–737 (2009).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kolenderski P, Scarcella C, Johnsen KD, et al. Time-resolved double-slit interference pattern measurement with entangled photons. Sci. Rep. 4, 4685 (2014).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Calloway J. Work Like You’re Showing Off! John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Backhaus JG, editor. The Liberation of the Serfs: The Economics of Unfree Labor. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Cerejeiras P, Kähler U, Sommen F, Vajiac A. Script Geometry. In: Modern Trends in Hypercomplex Analysis. Bernstein S, Kähler U, Sabadini I, Sommen F (Eds.), Springer International Publishing, Cham, 79–110 (2016).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Carbon Management.

Blog post

Luntz S. Hunter-Gatherer Societies Have Three-Tiered Social Networks [Internet]. IFLScience (2016). Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/hunter-gatherer-societies-have-three-tiered-social-networks/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Subcontract Estimates Included in Prime Contract Prices at Amphenol Space and Missile Systems Division. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cooper T. Biting Animals. (2009).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B. Sharapova’s Comeback to Start in Germany. New York Times, B12 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Carbon Management
ISSN (print)	1758-3004
ISSN (online)	1758-3012
Scope	General Environmental Science