How to format your references using the Carbon Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Carbon Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Irion R. ASTROPHYSICS: Astronomers Spot Their First Carbon Bomb. Science. 290(5495), 1279 (2000).

A journal article with 2 authors

Geisler JH, Theodor JM. Hippopotamus and whale phylogeny. Nature. 458(7236), E1-4; discussion E5 (2009).

A journal article with 3 authors

Grevemeyer I, Herber R, Essen HH. Microseismological evidence for a changing wave climate in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Nature. 408(6810), 349–352 (2000).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kimura T, Goto T, Shintani H, Ishizaka K, Arima T, Tokura Y. Magnetic control of ferroelectric polarization. Nature. 426(6962), 55–58 (2003).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zlokarnik M. Scale-up. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG.

An edited book

Petrosino A, Maddalena L, Pala P, editors. New Trends in Image Analysis and Processing – ICIAP 2013: ICIAP 2013 International Workshops, Naples, Italy, September 9-13, 2013. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Brandstaetter T, Bamber D, Weir D. ‘Wasta’: Triadic Trust in Jordanian Business. In: The Political Economy of Wasta: Use and Abuse of Social Capital Networking. Ramady MA (Ed.), Springer International Publishing, Cham, 65–78 (2016).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Carbon Management.

Blog post

Andrew E. Iconic Kenyan Elephant Slain By Poachers [Internet]. IFLScience (2014). Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/iconic-kenyan-elephant-slain-poachers/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: Information on Participation in the E-rate Program (GAO-09-254SP, March 2009), an e-supplement to GAO-09-253. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Koner KM. The development and validation of an instrument to measure wind ensemble error detection skills among instrumental music educators. (2012).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Johnson G. Hills to Discovery Grow Steeper. New York Times, D3 (2014).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Carbon Management
ISSN (print)	1758-3004
ISSN (online)	1758-3012
Scope	General Environmental Science