How to format your references using the Carbon Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Carbon Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fridley JD. Extended leaf phenology and the autumn niche in deciduous forest invasions. Nature. 485(7398), 359–362 (2012).

A journal article with 2 authors

Dye C, Raviglione M. Perspective: Weigh all TB risks. Nature. 502(7470), S13 (2013).

A journal article with 3 authors

Shim JH, Haule K, Kotliar G. Fluctuating valence in a correlated solid and the anomalous properties of delta-plutonium. Nature. 446(7135), 513–516 (2007).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Armani DK, Kippenberg TJ, Spillane SM, Vahala KJ. Ultra-high-Q toroid microcavity on a chip. Nature. 421(6926), 925–928 (2003).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cauvin C, Escobar F, Serradj A. Cartography and the Impact of the Quantitative Revolution. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Puri P, Höllwarth M, editors. Pediatric Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Simon R. The Financial Restructuring of Medium-Sized Companies. In: Corporate Restructuring: Finance in Times of Crisis. Blatz M, Kraus K-J, Haghani S (Eds.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 55–63 (2006).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Carbon Management.

Blog post

Andrew E. Upgraded LHC Pushes Physics Into The Unknown [Internet]. IFLScience (2015). Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/upgraded-lhc-pushes-physics-unknown/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Drug Testing: Undercover Tests Reveal Significant Vulnerabilities in DOT’s Drug Testing Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Becker LA. Noncredit to credit transitions: The role of cultural capital and habitus for adult immigrant learners in the community college. (2010).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. A Living Painting to Make You See. New York Times, C1 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Carbon Management
ISSN (print)	1758-3004
ISSN (online)	1758-3012
Scope	General Environmental Science