How to format your references using the Carbon Balance and Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Carbon Balance and Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Prewitt K. Sociology. What if we give a census and no one comes? Science. 2004;304:1452–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Song T-RA, Simons M. Large trench-parallel gravity variations predict seismogenic behavior in subduction zones. Science. 2003;301:630–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Pan ZW, Dai ZR, Wang ZL. Nanobelts of semiconducting oxides. Science. 2001;291:1947–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Price TAR, Hodgson DJ, Lewis Z, Hurst GDD, Wedell N. Selfish genetic elements promote polyandry in a fly. Science. 2008;322:1241–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Johnson MD. Great Myths of Intimate Relationships. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2016.

An edited book

1. Huang D-S, Bevilacqua V, Figueroa JC, Premaratne P, editors. Intelligent Computing Theories: 9th International Conference, ICIC 2013, Nanning, China, July 28-31, 2013. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Ao S-I. Hybrid Intelligent Regressions with Neural Network and Fuzzy Clustering. In: Ao S-I, Rieger B, Chen S-S, editors. Advances in Computational Algorithms and Data Analysis. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2009. p. 65–74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Carbon Balance and Management.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. Dr Henry Heimlich, Inventor Of The Heimlich Maneuver, Dies At 96. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Management of Federally Financed Research by the University of Michigan--A Case Study. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1970 Sep. Report No.: B-117219.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Haug JJ. A summer literacy intervention for struggling readers at the middle school level using strategies in comprehension, fluency, vocabulary, and positive school climate to improve reading comprehension: An evaluation study [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Nordland R. 3 G.I.s Killed When Afghan Opens Fire. New York Times. 2017 Jun 10;A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Carbon Balance and Management
Abbreviation	Carbon Balance Manag.
ISSN (online)	1750-0680
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Global and Planetary Change Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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