How to format your references using the Networks and Spatial Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Networks and Spatial Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Slack JMW (2011) Development. Planarian pluripotency. Science 332:799–800

A journal article with 2 authors

Sourjik V, Berg HC (2004) Functional interactions between receptors in bacterial chemotaxis. Nature 428:437–441

A journal article with 3 authors

Joughin I, Abdalati W, Fahnestock M (2004) Large fluctuations in speed on Greenland’s Jakobshavn Isbrae glacier. Nature 432:608–610

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Fonseca DM, Keyghobadi N, Malcolm CA, et al (2004) Emerging vectors in the Culex pipiens complex. Science 303:1535–1538

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chapman RJ (2012) Simple Tools and Techniques for Enterprise Risk Management. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, West Sussex, UK

An edited book

Lee S, Cho H, Yoon K-J, Lee J (eds) (2013) Intelligent Autonomous Systems 12: Volume 1 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference IAS-12, held June 26-29, 2012, Jeju Island, Korea. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Du H, Dimitrova V, Magee D, et al (2016) An Ontology of Soil Properties and Processes. In: Groth P, Simperl E, Gray A, et al. (eds) The Semantic Web – ISWC 2016: 15th International Semantic Web Conference, Kobe, Japan, October 17–21, 2016, Proceedings, Part II. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 30–37

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Networks and Spatial Economics.

Blog post

Fang J (2014) Humans Can Detect One Trillion Odours. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) Aviation Security: Actions Needed to Address Challenges and Potential Vulnerabilities Related to Securing Inbound Air Cargo. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Walker M (2009) Industry - higher education partnerships: A case study analysis of learning together. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Eligon J (2017) T. I. Writes Letters to Obama and Trump. New York Times C3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Slack 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Sourjik and Berg 2004; Slack 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sourjik and Berg 2004)
Three or more authors: (Fonseca et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Networks and Spatial Economics
Abbreviation	Netw. Spat. Econ.
ISSN (print)	1566-113X
ISSN (online)	1572-9427
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Computer Networks and Communications Software

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