How to format your references using the Networks and Spatial Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Networks and Spatial Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P (2005) Management potential. Nature 435:123

A journal article with 2 authors

Hopkins R, Rausher MD (2012) Pollinator-mediated selection on flower color allele drives reinforcement. Science 335:1090–1092

A journal article with 3 authors

Rosenbaum DM, Rasmussen SGF, Kobilka BK (2009) The structure and function of G-protein-coupled receptors. Nature 459:356–363

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Krinos CM, Coyne MJ, Weinacht KG, et al (2001) Extensive surface diversity of a commensal microorganism by multiple DNA inversions. Nature 414:555–558

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Homer S, Leibowitz ML (2013) Inside the Yield Book. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Shirato K (ed) (2005) Venous Thromboembolism: Prevention and Treatment. Springer, Tokyo

A chapter in an edited book

Abdel-Khalek AM (2014) Religiosity and Well-Being in a Muslim Context. In: Kim-Prieto C (ed) Religion and Spirituality Across Cultures. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 71–85

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Networks and Spatial Economics.

Blog post

Taub B (2017) Tarantulas Are Right-Handed, Study Suggests. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/tarantulas-right-handed/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1987) Aircraft Modifications: Overestimates of Costs Generate Excess Funds. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Parisi J (2012) Correlation of Conditional Admittance and Student Achievement in an Undergraduate Higher Education Setting. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B (2017) Milestone for BMI: More Than $1 Billion in Music Royalties. New York Times B3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Smaglik 2005; Hopkins and Rausher 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hopkins and Rausher 2012)
Three or more authors: (Krinos et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Networks and Spatial Economics
Abbreviation	Netw. Spat. Econ.
ISSN (print)	1566-113X
ISSN (online)	1572-9427
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Computer Networks and Communications Software

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