How to format your references using the Carbon Balance and Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Carbon Balance and Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Ballschmiter K. Atmospheric chemistry. A marine source for alkyl nitrates. Science. 2002;297:1127–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Buskirk AR, Green R. Biochemistry. Getting past polyproline pauses. Science. 2013;339:38–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Videler JJ, Stamhuis EJ, Povel GDE. Leading-edge vortex lifts swifts. Science. 2004;306:1960–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Paparo GD, Müller M, Comellas F, Martin-Delgado MA. Quantum Google in a complex network. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2773.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Martin BR. Nuclear and Particle Physics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

1. Althoff K-D, Dengel A, Bergmann R, Nick M, Roth-Berghofer T, editors. Professional Knowledge Management: Third Biennial Conference, WM 2005, Kaiserslautern, Germany, April 10-13, 2005, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Bartolotta TV, Taibbi A, Quaia E, Midiri M. Applicazione dei mezzi di contrasto ecografici nelle lesioni focali del fegato steatosico, nelle lesioni epatiche rare e nelle pseudolesioni del fegato. In: Quaia E, editor. Mezzi di contrasto in ecografia: Applicazioni addominali. Milano: Springer; 2007. p. 45–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Carbon Balance and Management.

Blog post

1. Fang J. China’s Rising Emissions Offset U.S. Reductions in Ozone Pollution [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/china-s-rising-emissions-offsets-us-gains-ozone-pollution/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. European Aeronautics: Strong Government Presence in Industry Structure and Research and Development Support. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 Mar. Report No.: NSIAD-94-71.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. McPherson CA. Characterization of the neurogenic microenvironment in the mouse hippocampus following chemical-induced neuronal injury [Doctoral dissertation]. [Chapel Hill, NC]: University of North Carolina; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Grynbaum MM, Koblin J. For Fox News, Life After Bill O’Reilly Will Feature Tucker Carlson. New York Times. 2017 Apr 19;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Carbon Balance and Management
Abbreviation	Carbon Balance Manag.
ISSN (online)	1750-0680
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Global and Planetary Change Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law