How to format your references using the Carbon Balance and Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Carbon Balance and Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Sun L. Inorganic chemistry. A closer mimic of the oxygen evolution complex of photosystem II. Science. 2015;348:635–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Bienz M, He X. Biochemistry. A lipid linchpin for Wnt-Fz docking. Science. 2012;337:44–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Riolo RL, Cohen MD, Axelrod R. Evolution of cooperation without reciprocity. Nature. 2001;414:441–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Pelaz S, Ditta GS, Baumann E, Wisman E, Yanofsky MF. B and C floral organ identity functions require SEPALLATA MADS-box genes. Nature. 2000;405:200–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Hens H. Building Physics - Heat, Air and Moisture. Berlin, Germany: Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG; 2012.

An edited book

1. Hornby GS, Sekanina L, Haddow PC, editors. Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware: 8th International Conference, ICES 2008, Prague, Czech Republic, September 21-24, 2008. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Lahrach R, Merlin V. Which Voting Rule Minimizes the Probability of the Referendum Paradox? Lessons from French Data. In: Felsenthal DS, Machover M, editors. Electoral Systems: Paradoxes, Assumptions, and Procedures. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 129–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Carbon Balance and Management.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Could measles cure cancer? Uh, not exactly… [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/could-measles-cure-cancer-uh-not-exactly…/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aircraft Certification: FAA Can Better Meet Challenges Posed by Advances in Aircraft Technologies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993 Oct. Report No.: T-RCED-94-53.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Shen H. Organization -employee relationships model: A two -sided story [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Goldstein J. Daughter of Slain Police Officer Is Born, Two Years After Her Father’s Death. New York Times. 2017 Jul 26;A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Carbon Balance and Management
Abbreviation	Carbon Balance Manag.
ISSN (online)	1750-0680
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Global and Planetary Change Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law