How to format your references using the Carbon Balance and Management citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Carbon Balance and Management. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smaglik P. Making the switch. Nature. 2004;430:811.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Hyde PS, Knudsen EI. The optic tectum controls visually guided adaptive plasticity in the owl’s auditory space map. Nature. 2002;415:73–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Hiraga T, Anderson IM, Kohlstedt DL. Grain boundaries as reservoirs of incompatible elements in the Earth’s mantle. Nature. 2004;427:699–703.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Clarke JA, Tambussi CP, Noriega JI, Erickson GM, Ketcham RA. Definitive fossil evidence for the extant avian radiation in the Cretaceous. Nature. 2005;433:305–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Daïan J-F. Equilibrium and Transfer in Porous Media 3. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Booß-Bavnbek B, Esposito G, Lesch M, editors. New Paths Towards Quantum Gravity. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Dragolov G, Ignácz ZS, Lorenz J, Delhey J, Boehnke K, Unzicker K. Macro-Level Causes and Effects of Social Cohesion. In: Ignácz ZS, Lorenz J, Delhey J, Boehnke K, Unzicker K, editors. Social Cohesion in the Western World: What Holds Societies Together: Insights from the Social Cohesion Radar. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 59–77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Carbon Balance and Management.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Researchers Track Monster Internal Waves The Size Of Skyscrapers [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/researchers-track-monster-internal-waves-see-how-they-form/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Charges for Launch Support Services Furnished by the Air Force to the Communications Satellite Corporation (Comsat). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1971 Jul. Report No.: B-168707.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Ariani D. Amerindo International Nurse Recruitment Agency [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. (nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Estonia: New Prime Minister. New York Times. 2002 Jan 23;A7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Carbon Balance and Management
Abbreviation	Carbon Balance Manag.
ISSN (online)	1750-0680
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Global and Planetary Change Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law