How to format your references using the Cancer Microenvironment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cancer Microenvironment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Friedman MA (2002) Public health. Strengthening the FDA. Science 298:2332

A journal article with 2 authors

Mathieu RD, Geller AM (2009) A binary star fraction of 76 per cent and unusual orbit parameters for the blue stragglers of NGC 188. Nature 462:1032–1035

A journal article with 3 authors

Barna M, Pandolfi PP, Niswander L (2005) Gli3 and Plzf cooperate in proximal limb patterning at early stages of limb development. Nature 436:277–281

A journal article with 5 or more authors

McAdam AJ, Greenwald RJ, Levin MA, et al (2001) ICOS is critical for CD40-mediated antibody class switching. Nature 409:102–105

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hopp V (2000) Grundlagen der Life Sciences. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG

An edited book

Wu GY, Selsky N, Grant-Kels JM (2013) Atlas of Dermatological Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Disease. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Chi J, Hong C, Zhang M, Zhang Z (2015) Privacy-Enhancing Range Query Processing over Encrypted Cloud Databases. In: Wang J, Cellary W, Wang D, et al (eds) Web Information Systems Engineering – WISE 2015: 16th International Conference, Miami, FL, USA, November 1-3, 2015, Proceedings, Part II. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 63–77

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cancer Microenvironment.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Best Measurement Yet of the Universe’s Expansion. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/best-measurement-yet-universe’s-expansion/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2013) Information Technology: Additional Executive Review Sessions Needed to Address Troubled Projects. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Harper T (2010) Going public, staying private, and everything in between. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schilling MK (2017) A Sense of Place. New York Times M2100

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cancer Microenvironment
Abbreviation	Cancer Microenviron.
ISSN (print)	1875-2292
ISSN (online)	1875-2284
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology