How to format your references using the Cancer Microenvironment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cancer Microenvironment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P (2002) Turning oil into science: Norway. Nature 420:A13, A15

A journal article with 2 authors

Wang Y, Pfeiffer JK (2014) Microbiology: a backup for bacteria. Nature 516:42–43

A journal article with 3 authors

Yamamoto-Kawai M, Carmack E, McLaughlin F (2006) Nitrogen balance and Arctic throughflow. Nature 443:43

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Schaefer CB, Ooi SKT, Bestor TH, Bourc’his D (2007) Epigenetic decisions in mammalian germ cells. Science 316:398–399

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Henriksen RN (2010) Practical Relativity. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Okonkwo B (2014) Christian Ethics and Corporate Culture: A Critical View on Corporate Responsibilities. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Quarteroni A, Saleri F (2006) Linear systems. In: Saleri F (ed) Scientific Computing with MATLAB and Octave: Second Edition. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 123–166

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cancer Microenvironment.

Blog post

Davis J (2017) British Embarrassment Is Contributing To The Mountains Of Plastic Waste. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/british-embarrassment-is-contributing-to-the-mountains-of-plastic-waste/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) Airport Competition: Essential Air Service Slots at O’Hare International Airport. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Liu C (2013) Regulatory functions of the actin cytoskeleton in B cell receptor signaling. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Herrman J (2017) What if Platforms Like Facebook Are Too Big to Regulate? New York Times MM14

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cancer Microenvironment
Abbreviation	Cancer Microenviron.
ISSN (print)	1875-2292
ISSN (online)	1875-2284
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology