How to format your references using the Cancer Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cancer Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

M.K. McNutt, Geophysics. Another nail in the plume coffin?, Science 313 (2006) 1394–1395.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

D.B. Rowley, B.S. Currie, Palaeo-altimetry of the late Eocene to Miocene Lunpola basin, central Tibet, Nature 439 (2006) 677–681.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

P. Nandal, S.R. Ravella, R.C. Kuhad, Laccase production by Coriolopsis caperata RCK2011: optimization under solid state fermentation by Taguchi DOE methodology, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 1386.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

S. Xiao, F. Xiao, Y. Hu, S. Yuan, S. Wang, L. Qian, Y. Liu, Hierarchical nanoporous gold-platinum with heterogeneous interfaces for methanol electrooxidation, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 4370.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

K. Hinkelmann, O. Kempthorne, Design and Analysis of Experiments: Advanced Experimental Design, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2005.

An edited book

[1]

D. Li, C. Zhao, eds., Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture II, Volume 2: The Second IFIP International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture (CCTA2008), October 18-20, 2008, Beijing, China, Springer US, Boston, MA, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

V. Ruggiero, Corporate War Crimes, in: R. McGarry, S. Walklate (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Criminology and War, Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, 2016: pp. 61–77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cancer Letters.

Blog post

[1]

J. O`Callaghan, NASA Turns Black Hole Telescope Onto the Sun To Capture X-rays From Microflares, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, China: U.S. Universities in China Emphasize Academic Freedom but Face Internet Censorship and Other Challenges, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

K. Betts, Ready, Steady, Putt! An Exhibition About the History of Miniature Golf in America, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Hubbard, M.R. Gordon, U.S. War Footprint Grows, With No Endgame in Sight, New York Times (2017) A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cancer Letters
Abbreviation	Cancer Lett.
ISSN (print)	0304-3835
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology