How to format your references using the Cancer Cell International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cancer Cell International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Eagleman DM. Comment on “The involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex in the experience of regret.” Science. 2005;308:1260; author reply 1260.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Mery F, Kawecki TJ. A cost of long-term memory in Drosophila. Science. 2005;308:1148.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Hren MT, Tice MM, Chamberlain CP. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope evidence for a temperate climate 3.42 billion years ago. Nature. 2009;462:205–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Duman-Scheel M, Weng L, Xin S, Du W. Hedgehog regulates cell growth and proliferation by inducing Cyclin D and Cyclin E. Nature. 2002;417:299–304.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Yu J, Tao D. Modern Machine Learning Techniques and Their Applications in Cartoon Animation Research. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Sethi RA, Barani IJ, Larson DA, Roach M III, editors. Handbook of Evidence-Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Lee CS, Chui CK, Guan C, Eu PW, Tan BL, Leong JJ-Y. Integrating EEG Modality in Serious Games for Rehabilitation of Mental Patients. In: Cai Y, Goei SL, editors. Simulations, Serious Games and Their Applications. Singapore: Springer; 2014. p. 51–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cancer Cell International.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. Some Of Your Suntan Comes From Beyond The Milky Way [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/some-of-your-suntan-comes-from-beyond-the-milky-way/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Airline Competition: Passenger Facility Charges Can Provide an Independent Source of Funding for Airport Expansion and Improvement Projects. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Jun. Report No.: T-RCED-90-99.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hrivnak GA. Extending a model of leader -member exchange development: Individual and dyadic effects of personality, similarity and liking [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Anderson J. Rescuing a Film Rarity, Frame by Frame. New York Times. 2016 Sep 25;AR12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cancer Cell International
Abbreviation	Cancer Cell Int.
ISSN (online)	1475-2867
Scope	Cancer Research Genetics Oncology