How to format your references using the Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (CJCCJ). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gordon, Peter

2004 Numerical cognition without words: evidence from Amazonia. Science (New York, N.Y.) 306(5695):496–9. Medline:15319490.

A journal article with 2 authors

Giazotto, Francesco & María José Martínez-Pérez

2012 The Josephson heat interferometer. Nature 492(7429):401–5. Medline:23257882.

A journal article with 3 authors

Harker, David E., Charles E. Woodward & Diane H. Wooden

2005 The dust grains from 9P/Tempel 1 before and after the encounter with Deep Impact. Science (New York, N.Y.) 310(5746):278–80. Medline:16166478.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Schacherer, Joseph, Joshua A. Shapiro, Douglas M. Ruderfer & Leonid Kruglyak

2009 Comprehensive polymorphism survey elucidates population structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature 458(7236):342–5. Medline:19212320.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tue, Nguyen Viet, Michael Reichel & Michael Fischer

2016 Berechnung und Bemessung von Betonbrücken. Berlin, Germany: Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG.

An edited book

San-Julian, Mikel (ed.).

2016 Cañadell’s Pediatric Bone Sarcomas: Epiphysiolysis before Excision. 2nd ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Rosen, Raymond C. & Varant Kupelian

2016 Epidemiology of Erectile Dysfunction and Key Risk Factors. In Tobias S. Köhler & Kevin T. McVary, eds. Contemporary Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Clinical Guide. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice.

Blog post

Davis, Josh

2015 U.K. Doctors Propose A 20% Tax On Sugary Drinks. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/uk-doctors-propose-20-tax-sugary-drinks/. (30 October, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office

2007 Assigning Air Traffic Control Costs to Users: Elements of FAA’s Methodology Are Generally Consistent with Standards but Certain Assumptions and Methods Need Additional Support. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Simon, Pamela Reed

2013 Gender grouping and its initial effect on a Title I upper elementary school during the pilot year of implementation. Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi State University Doctoral dissertation.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barnard, Anne

2017 Russia Says Deal Will Bar Americans From Flying in Most of Syria’s Airspace. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gordon 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Giazotto & Martínez-Pérez 2012; Gordon 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Giazotto & Martínez-Pérez 2012)
Three authors: (Harker, Woodward & Wooden 2005)
4 or more authors: (Schacherer et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice
ISSN (print)	1707-7753
ISSN (online)	1911-0219
Scope