How to format your references using the Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Selkoe, D.J.: Alzheimer’s disease is a synaptic failure. Science. 298, 789–791 (2002)

A journal article with 2 authors

Shapira, P., Wang, J.: Follow the money. Nature. 468, 627–628 (2010)

A journal article with 3 authors

Burnham, D., Kitamura, C., Vollmer-Conna, U.: What’s new, pussycat? On talking to babies and animals. Science. 296, 1435 (2002)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Tang, W.-J., Yang, Y.-A., Xu, H., Shi, J.-B., Liu, X.-H.: Synthesis and discovery of 18α-GAMG as anticancer agent in vitro and in vivo via down expression of protein p65. Sci. Rep. 4, 7106 (2014)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Heller, D.: Hairspray. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK (2011)

An edited book

Wymyslowski, A., Iwamoto, N., Yuen, M., Fan, H. eds: Molecular Modeling and Multiscaling Issues for Electronic Material Applications: Volume 2. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2015)

A chapter in an edited book

Park, S.-J., Lee, S.-Y.: Injection Molding for Multicomponent Materials. In: Kim, J.K., Thomas, S., and Saha, P. (eds.) Multicomponent Polymeric Materials. pp. 79–107. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2016)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: U.S. And China Join Forces To Build A Bullet Train Between LA And Las Vegas, https://www.iflscience.com/technology/us-and-china-join-forces-build-bullet-train-between-la-and-las-vegas/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Student Discipline: Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2001)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Smith, G.S.: The relationship between legislative implementations and educator readiness in inclusive educational environments, (2008)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel, B.: Rangers Even Series With Emphatic Win as Lindberg Scores Twice, (2017)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations
Abbreviation	Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ.
ISSN (print)	0944-2669
ISSN (online)	1432-0835
Scope	Analysis Applied Mathematics