How to format your references using the Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pearson, H.: China caught out as model shows net fall in fish. Nature. 414, 477 (2001)

A journal article with 2 authors

Pauluis, O., Dias, J.: Satellite estimates of precipitation-induced dissipation in the atmosphere. Science. 335, 953–956 (2012)

A journal article with 3 authors

Dorman, S.N., Viner, C., Rogan, P.K.: Splicing mutation analysis reveals previously unrecognized pathways in lymph node-invasive breast cancer. Sci. Rep. 4, 7063 (2014)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yang-Hartwich, Y., Gurrea-Soteras, M., Sumi, N., Joo, W.D., Holmberg, J.C., Craveiro, V., Alvero, A.B., Mor, G.: Ovulation and extra-ovarian origin of ovarian cancer. Sci. Rep. 4, 6116 (2014)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Walter, R.J.: Local Emergency Planning Committee Guidebook. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (1998)

An edited book

Schatten, H., Pawley, J.B. eds: Biological Low-Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy. Springer, New York, NY (2008)

A chapter in an edited book

Feller, D., Kamareddine, F., Burski, L.: Using MathLang to Check the Correctness of Specifications in Object-Z. In: Singh, V.K., Srivastava, H.M., Venturino, E., Resch, M., and Gupta, V. (eds.) Modern Mathematical Methods and High Performance Computing in Science and Technology: M3HPCST, Ghaziabad, India, December 2015. pp. 45–70. Springer, Singapore (2016)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations.

Blog post

Fang, J.: Robotic Arms and Hands That Can Feel, https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/closest-weve-come-robot-arms-and-hands-can-feel/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Information Technology: FBI Has Largely Staffed Key Modernization Program, but Strategic Approach to Managing Program’s Human Capital Is Needed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2006)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zhang, Y.: Toward a Molecular Mechanism of Phase Separation in Disordered Elastin-Like Proteins, (2017)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L.: Court Puts Teeth in “Notice” Needed to Seize Property, (2006)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations
Abbreviation	Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ.
ISSN (print)	0944-2669
ISSN (online)	1432-0835
Scope	Analysis Applied Mathematics