How to format your references using the Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hough SE (2009) Journal club. A seismologist considers a new method of earthquake prediction. Nature 457:767

A journal article with 2 authors

Naya Y, Suzuki WA (2011) Integrating what and when across the primate medial temporal lobe. Science 333:773–776

A journal article with 3 authors

Lewis SL, Edwards DP, Galbraith D (2015) Increasing human dominance of tropical forests. Science 349:827–832

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Dong C, Yang DD, Tournier C, et al (2000) JNK is required for effector T-cell function but not for T-cell activation. Nature 405:91–94

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chen ZN, Chia MYW (2006) Broadband Planar Antennas. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Baum RP, Rösch F (eds) (2013) Theranostics, Gallium-68, and Other Radionuclides: A Pathway to Personalized Diagnosis and Treatment. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Høholdt T (2006) The Merit Factor Problem for Binary Sequences. In: Fossorier MPC, Imai H, Lin S, Poli A (eds) Applied Algebra, Algebraic Algorithms and Error-Correcting Codes: 16th International Symposium, AAECC-16, Las Vegas, NV, USA, February 20-24, 2006. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 51–59

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2014) Your Brain on Coffee. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/your-brain-coffee/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2017) High Risk: Actions Needed to Address Serious Weaknesses in Federal Management of Programs Serving Indian Tribes. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alsobrook JA (2013) Music Education in America: A Content Analysis and National Perspective of Standards-Based Outcomes for K–8 General Music. Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2017) Leg Injury May End Season for Cespedes. New York Times D5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hough 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Hough 2009; Naya and Suzuki 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Naya and Suzuki 2011)
Three or more authors: (Dong et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Abbreviation	Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
ISSN (print)	0007-4861
ISSN (online)	1432-0800
Scope	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution General Medicine Toxicology

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