How to format your references using the Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ritchie MG (2007) Evolution. Feathers, females, and fathers. Science 318:54–55

A journal article with 2 authors

Müser MH, Shakhvorostov D (2010) Applied physics. Why thick can be slick. Science 328:52–53

A journal article with 3 authors

Joughin I, Abdalati W, Fahnestock M (2004) Large fluctuations in speed on Greenland’s Jakobshavn Isbrae glacier. Nature 432:608–610

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Schön JH, Kloc C, Siegrist T, et al (2001) Superconductivity in single crystals of the fullerene C70. Nature 413:831–833

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Miller JM (2009) Chromatography. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Onishi Y, Voitsekhovich OV, Zheleznyak MJ (eds) (2007) Chernobyl – What Have We Learned?: The Successes and Failures to Mitigate Water Contamination over 20 Years. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Logan C (2016) Risk Formulation: The New Frontier in Risk Assessment and Management. In: Laws DR, O’Donohue W (eds) Treatment of Sex Offenders: Strengths and Weaknesses in Assessment and Intervention. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 83–105

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.

Blog post

Andrew D (2016) Meet Viserion And Drogon: The New Ant Species Named After The Game Of Thrones Dragons. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/meet-viserion-and-drogon-the-new-ant-species-named-after-the-game-of-thrones-dragons/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2001) Financial Management: Assessment of the Airline Industry’s Estimated Losses Arising From the Events of September 11. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gonzalez SE (2014) Ideal leadership practices in Head Start: Understanding leadership from the perspectives of directors and teachers. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L (2006) On Nassau Ballot, an Open-Space Bond Issue. New York Times 14LI2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ritchie 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Ritchie 2007; Müser and Shakhvorostov 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Müser and Shakhvorostov 2010)
Three or more authors: (Schön et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Abbreviation	Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
ISSN (print)	0007-4861
ISSN (online)	1432-0800
Scope	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution General Medicine Toxicology