How to format your references using the British Journal of Sports Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for British Journal of Sports Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Back to life. Nature. 2004;429:483.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jung J, Bonini N. CREB-binding protein modulates repeat instability in a Drosophila model for polyQ disease. Science. 2007;315:1857–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Feldon DF, Maher MA, Timmerman BE. Graduate education. Performance-based data in the study of STEM Ph.D. education. Science. 2010;329:282–3.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Hofer SB, Mrsic-Flogel TD, Bonhoeffer T, et al. Experience leaves a lasting structural trace in cortical circuits. Nature. 2009;457:313–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hernandez EM, Kamal-Eldin A. Processing and Nutrition of Fats and Oils. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2013.

An edited book

Greil R, Pleyer L, Faber V, et al., editors. Chronic Myeloid Neoplasias and Clonal Overlap Syndromes: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Treatment Options. Vienna: Springer 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Yu N, Xu Q. Public Discourse on Genetically Modified Foods in the Mobile Sphere: Framing Risks, Opportunities, and Responsibilities in Mobile Social Media in China. In: Wei R, ed. Mobile Media, Political Participation, and Civic Activism in Asia: Private Chat to Public Communication. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands 2016:81–102.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for British Journal of Sports Medicine.

Blog post

Andrews R. ‘Compelling Evidence’ Of Ancient Pharaonic Tombs Discovered In Egypt. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/compelling-evidence-ancient-pharaonic-tombs-discovered-egypt/ (accessed 30 October 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Privacy Data: The Data Encryption Standard Provides Valuable Protection. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kemp LS. Perspective processing in language comprehension: Embodied efffects depend on the pronoun. 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Markoff J. Devising Real Ethics for Artificial Intelligence. New York Times. 2016;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	British Journal of Sports Medicine
Abbreviation	Br. J. Sports Med.
ISSN (print)	0306-3674
ISSN (online)	1473-0480
Scope	General Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation