How to format your references using the British Journal of Pain citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for British Journal of Pain. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Javerzat J-P. Molecular biology. Directing the centromere guardian. Science 2010; 327: 150–151.

A journal article with 2 authors

Berke JD, Eichenbaum HB. Drug addiction and the hippocampus. Science 2001; 294: 1235.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chakraborty S, Yanchulova P, Thiemens MH. Mass-independent oxygen isotopic partitioning during gas-phase SiO2 formation. Science 2013; 342: 463–466.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Maria SF, Russell LM, Gilles MK, et al. Organic aerosol growth mechanisms and their climate-forcing implications. Science 2004; 306: 1921–1924.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Acharya VV, Cooley TF, Richardson M, et al. Regulating Wall Street. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010.

An edited book

Atzmueller M, Hotho A, Strohmaier M, et al. (eds). Analysis of Social Media and Ubiquitous Data: International Workshops MSM 2010, Toronto, Canada, June 13, 2010, and MUSE 2010, Barcelona, Spain, September 20, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Frosterus M, Hyvönen E, Laitio J. Creating and Publishing Semantic Metadata about Linked and Open Datasets. In: Wood D (ed) Linking Government Data. New York, NY: Springer, 2011, pp. 95–112.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for British Journal of Pain.

Blog post

Davis J. Satellite Imagery Combined With AI Used To Identify People Living In Most Poverty. IFLScience, https://www.iflscience.com/technology/satellite-imagery-combined-with-ai-used-to-identify-people-living-in-most-poverty/ (2016, accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Public Radio and the Role of Federal Funding. GAO-11-669R, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 19 May 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fahmy C. Intoxicated by music: A content analysis of the prevalence of alcohol, illicit substances, and tobacco in popular music from 2000 to 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Olmsted SA. DEPUTY MAYOR IDEA NOT NEW; Tammany Objection to the Charter Plan Regarded as Baseless. New York Times, 2 November 1936, p. BOOKS20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	British Journal of Pain
Abbreviation	Br. J. Pain
ISSN (print)	2049-4637
ISSN (online)	2049-4645
Scope	Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine

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